For NLQ "四川扬琴是否有代表性的曲目，这些曲目可能用到了哪些乐器？"(translated as "Does 'Sichuan Yangqin' have representative pieces, and what instruments might be used in these pieces?")--chatGPT cannot generate a perfect SPARQL

[candlecao]

As for this question, the expected entities of OWL are:
{ctm:MusicType ctm:PieceWithPerformance mo:Instrument}
{bf:instrument ctm:representativePiece ctm:samplePieceWithPerformance}

Based on the extracted subgraph of ontology:

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix ns3: <https://lib.ccmusic.edu.cn/ontologies/chinese_traditional_music#> .
@prefix mo: <http://purl.org/ontology/mo/> .
@prefix ns5: <http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/> .

### Classes ###
rdfs:Literal
    rdf:type owl:Class .

mo:Instrument
    rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "乐器" .

ns3:MusicType
    rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "音乐类型(乐种)", "乐种" .

ns3:PieceWithPerformance
    rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "曲目", "演出的曲目", "曲目的演出" ;
    rdfs:comment "对应二次创作，如以具体的表演行为表达的作品" .

### Object Properties ###
ns3:samplePieceWithPerformance
    rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "示例曲目的演出" ;
    rdfs:domain mo:Instrument , ns3:MusicType ;
    rdfs:range ns3:PieceWithPerformance ;
    rdfs:comment "关联一个乐器和它的代表曲目，或关联一个乐种和它的代表曲目", "关联一个乐器和它的代表曲目，或关联一个音乐类型(乐种)和它的代表曲目" .

ns3:piecePrincipalInstrument
    rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "曲目的主奏乐器有" ;
    rdfs:domain ns3:PieceWithPerformance ;
    rdfs:range mo:Instrument ;
    rdfs:comment "关联一个演出的曲目和它的主奏乐器。'曲目的主奏乐器有'这个属性有时候意义较为宽泛，如同'曲目的主要乐器有'" .

ns5:instrument
    rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "曲目的演出使用…乐器" ;
    rdfs:domain ns3:PieceWithPerformance ;
    rdfs:range mo:Instrument ;
    rdfs:comment "关联一部演出的曲目和其演出中使用的乐器" .

### Datatype Properties ###
ns3:representativePiece
    rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "有代表曲目或剧目" ;
    rdfs:domain ns3:MusicType ;
    rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ;
    rdfs:comment "专指乐种或乐器的代表曲目（或剧目），一般用书名号表示（对于曲牌，则用半角中括号表示）" .

ns3:representativeQupai
    rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "有代表曲牌" ;
    rdfs:domain ns3:MusicType ;
    rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ;
    rdfs:comment "指一个乐种或音乐类型的代表性曲牌" .

ns3:nameOfMusicTypeOrInstrument
    rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "音乐类型(乐种)或乐器的名称" ;
    rdfs:domain mo:Instrument , ns3:MusicType ;
    rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ;
    rdfs:comment "指一个'音乐类型(乐种)'的名称，或指一个'乐器'的名称。而对这二者，其名称则不用rdfs:label来表示" .

ChatGPT generated a version of SPARQL:

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
PREFIX ns3: <https://lib.ccmusic.edu.cn/ontologies/chinese_traditional_music#>
PREFIX mo: <http://purl.org/ontology/mo/>
PREFIX ns5: <http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/>

SELECT ?representativePiece ?instrument
WHERE {
  # Find the music type "四川扬琴"(translated as "Sichuan Yangqin")
  ?musicType rdfs:label "四川扬琴" .

  # Check if it has representative pieces
  ?musicType ns3:representativePiece ?representativePiece .

  # Find instruments associated with the representative pieces
  OPTIONAL {
    ?piece rdf:type ns3:PieceWithPerformance ;
           rdfs:label ?representativePiece ;
           ns5:instrument ?instrument .
  }
}

[candlecao]

Actually the generated SPARQL is not incorrect. We ought not to owe the incompleteness to a malfunction of ChatGPT. Instead, it was due to that "have representative pieces" corresponds to both an objectProperty and a dataProperty:

objectProperty:
:samplePieceWithPerformance
dataProperty:
:representativePiece

however, GPT likely failed to incorporate :samplePieceWithPerformance in SPARQL because the literal meaning of that URI is less closely aligned with "have representative pieces" compared to :representativePiece