diff --git a/content/en/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u.md b/content/en/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..948eaf40 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/en/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u.md @@ -0,0 +1,582 @@ +--- +title: "Framework Laptop 13 with AMD Ryzen 7 7840U" +categories: + - Blog +toc: true +header: + overlay_image: /img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/unbox.jpg + og_image: /img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/unbox.jpg + overlay_filter: 0.5 + show_overlay_excerpt: false +--- + +[Framework Laptops][framework-laptop] are a series of laptops designed with +user repairability, configurability, and upgradability in mind. After two +years of launching exclusively models using Intel Core processors, Framework +started to ship laptops with AMD Ryzen processors, which are what I looked for +since I had heard of Framework. So, I purchased a Framework Laptop 13 with AMD +Ryzen 7 7840U, received it in November 2023, and have been using it ever since, +but only recently have I found time to write an article about my experience +with it. + +[framework-laptop]: https://frame.work/ + +## Backstory + +After learning about the first generation of Framework Laptop based on 11th Gen +Intel Core processors, I said to myself: "I would have got it if they used +AMD." Availability of genuine spare parts through the official +[Marketplace][marketplace-parts] was the most appealing aspect of Framework's +implementation of repairability to me: with some laptops I had previously +owned, I had encountered situations where I would need replacement parts but +have no reliable ways to get genuine ones. However, I was disappointed to see +Framework's choice of Intel processors, which were not the best option +available to laptop manufacturers. Since the Ryzen 4000 Series, an AMD +ultrabook CPU often outperforms an Intel counterpart under the same power +consumption[^amd-intel-cmp-1] [^amd-intel-cmp-2]; as a result, AMD-powered +ultrabooks generally have better performance than Intel-powered ones. + +Eventually, in 2023, Framework announced models using AMD Ryzen 7040 Series +processors, so it was time to fulfill the small promise I had made to myself. +I could not order the AMD-powered model at once after it was announced for +personal reasons, and when I was finally ready to order it, my order was queued +to Batch 5, which is why I received it in November after the previous batches. +Framework also launched a new 16" model (Framework Laptop 16) using AMD Ryzen +7040 Series alongside the AMD-powered models in the original 13.5" form factor +(Framework Laptop 13), but I still preferred a smaller, more portable laptop, +so I did not change my mind. + +[marketplace-parts]: https://frame.work/marketplace/parts + +[^amd-intel-cmp-1]: +[^amd-intel-cmp-2]: + +## Configuration + +Framework provided two processor choices from the Ryzen 7040 Series: + +| Processor | CPU Core / Thread Count | CPU Boost Clock | Integrated GPU | GPU Core Count | GPU Boost Clock | +| :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | +| Ryzen 5 7640U | 6 / 12 | 4.9 GHz | Radeon 760M | 8 | 2.6 GHz | +| Ryzen 7 7840U | 8 / 16 | 5.1 GHz | Radeon 780M | 12 | 2.7 GHz | + +I chose to pay the premium for Ryzen 7 7840U for two major computing workloads +of mine: software package compilation on Gentoo Linux and light gaming. In +software compilation, more available CPU threads generally help to reduce +compilation time and are thus preferable: an increase from 12 threads to 16 +could translate to up to 25% reduction of a large software package's +compilation time. The Radeon 780M integrated GPU that comes with 7840U can +also deliver a better frame rate in games than the 760M with 7640U thanks to +more GPU cores (a.k.a. Compute Units, CUs). + +I also picked a 32 GB DDR5-5600 CL46 memory kit with two 16 GB DIMMs for these +workloads. With 16 maximum concurrent threads running to compile a software +package, 32 GB of RAM is more than enough for about 99% of software packages; +the rest 1% are very large software packages that might need 2 GiB per thread +as per Gentoo's recommendation[^portage-makeopts], such as `net-libs/webkit-gtk`, so I went +for 32 GB just to be safe. (An alternative solution, which relaxes the RAM +requirement, would be to run fewer concurrent jobs just for those very large +packages using [`/etc/portage/package.env`][portage-package.env].) I chose a +kit of two 16 GB DIMMs rather than a single 32 GB DIMM to have dual-channel +memory, which would benefit the integrated GPU's performance since integrated +GPU does not have dedicated video memory and thus has to share the system +memory. + +[portage-package.env]: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki//etc/portage/package.env#Use_different_MAKEOPTS_for_a_specific_package + +[^portage-makeopts]: + +## Operating Systems + +I have been using Gentoo Linux for almost all tasks that I do on a computer +except gaming; for games, I would dual-boot Microsoft Windows to avoid the +hassle of setting up a Windows compatibility layer on GNU/Linux. Most laptops +work fine under Windows because of Microsoft's partnership with most laptop +manufacturers, but under GNU/Linux, many laptops exhibit issues that could +range from foibles to complete breakages. In this regard, the Framework +Laptops are different from other laptops. + +### GNU/Linux + +Framework is the computer manufacturer that makes the most serious commitment I +have seen with regards to official GNU/Linux support. They make sure the +hardware components of their laptops have drivers in the Linux +kernel[^frmw-linux], so all hardware features are functional on a Linux-based +operating system. + +One hardware component that often does not work under GNU/Linux on other +laptops but works on Framework Laptops is fingerprint reader. Both of the two +laptops I previously own -- an HP Envy x360 13-ay0000 and a Dell XPS 15 9570 -- +have a fingerprint reader, but neither laptop's fingerprint reader is +functional under GNU/Linux. In fact, it is ridiculous that the driver for HP +Envy x360's fingerprint reader was once added to the Linux kernel but then +removed upon the fingerprint reader vendor's request[^hp-13-ay0000-fp]. The +Framework Laptop 13 gave me the first chance to experience fingerprint unlock +on GNU/Linux. + +![Fingerprint settings in GNU/Linux running GNOME]({{< static-path img +gnu-linux-fingerprint.png >}}) + +[^frmw-linux]: +[^hp-13-ay0000-fp]: Search for "ay0xxxx" in + +### Windows + +Interestingly, for Windows support, Framework seems to follow what Microsoft +might want laptop manufacturers to do as well as what most other manufacturers +are doing -- quite the opposite of Framework's attitude to GNU/Linux support: +they support only Windows 11 on the latest models and do not officially support +Windows 10. Even though AMD officially supports Windows 10 on +7840U[^amd-7840u-specs], Framework does not provide Windows 10 drivers for +laptops using AMD Ryzen 7040 Series processors. + +The lack of Windows 10 drivers from Framework can be almost fully solved with +some very easy workarounds. The [official driver bundle] can be unpacked using +[7-Zip] to get drivers for the integrated GPU, Bluetooth, the fingerprint +reader, audio, and Wi-Fi, which should be compatible with both Windows 10 and +Windows 11. The chipset software in the driver bundle is incompatible with +Windows 10, but Windows 10 users can access [AMD official +website][amd-ryzen-mobile-chipset-drivers] to download chipset software +compatible with Windows 10 instead. + +After these drivers are installed, there should be only one device without +driver left, which has hardware ID `MSFT0200`, as shown in the following +screenshot. This should be the [Microsoft Pluton security processor] providing +TPM functionality[^frmw-msft0200]. I cannot find any Microsoft Pluton driver +for Windows 10, which means that the TPM has to be left dysfunctional on +Windows 10. To personal users, BitLocker drive encryption is the Windows +feature most significantly impacted by the lack of a TPM[^windows-tpm]. +Because I do not need BitLocker since I use Windows basically only for gaming +and store no sensitive data on the Windows partition, I take this as a +negligible sacrifice for using Windows 10 on the laptop. + +![The only driver-less device left on Windows 10]({{< static-path img +devmgmt.png >}}) + +Some people would suggest upgrading to Windows 11 in this case because it *is* +a solution to this problem, and Windows 10 will no longer be supported after +October 14, 2025. The end of Windows 10 support is a weak argument for +upgrading to Windows 11 because, unlike for previous versions of Windows, +Microsoft will offer the Extended Security Updates program for Windows 10 to +*individual users* in addition to organization customers, which will allow +every paying user to continue to get Windows 10 security updates past the end +of support[^windows-esu]. Users who have access to Windows 10 LTSC are also +supported until 2032. + +[official driver bundle]: https://knowledgebase.frame.work/framework-laptop-13-bios-and-driver-releases-amd-ryzen-7040-series-r1rXGVL16 +[7-Zip]: https://www.7-zip.org/ +[amd-ryzen-mobile-chipset-drivers]: https://www.amd.com/en/support/downloads/drivers.html/chipsets/laptop-chipsets/amd-ryzen-and-athlon-mobile-chipset.html +[Microsoft Pluton security processor]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/hardware-security/pluton/pluton-as-tpm + +[^amd-7840u-specs]: +[^frmw-msft0200]: +[^windows-tpm]: +[^windows-esu]: + +## Performance + +As discussed above, the great performance that 7840U delivers -- from both the +8-core Zen 4 CPU and the integrated RDNA 3 GPU -- was what I looked forward to +when I purchased the device. I was eager to see how AMD ultrabook processors' +performance had improved in the past three years by comparing it to my previous +daily-driver laptop: the HP Envy x360 13-ay0000 with Ryzen 7 4700U, which was +launched in 2020. This is not the fairest comparison because the best-matching +counterpart of 7840U in the Ryzen 4000 Series is 4800U, which also has 8 cores +and 16 threads; 4700U does not have SMT, so it has only 8 threads albeit having +8 cores as well. However, I have never owned a device with 4800U, so I could +only compare 7840U to 4700U. + +### A Note on Power Adapter Output + +Users who often run sustained heavy workloads (like me -- software compilation +and gaming both belong to this category) are recommended to get an 100 W USB PD +power adapter to avoid having the laptop frequently "borrowing" power from the +battery. If the power adapter cannot deliver sufficient power output to meet a +heavy workload's high power consumption, then the laptop may briefly draw power +from the battery to supplement. Once this happens, the side LED next to the +charging port may blink amber as the battery is recharged for the power just +drawn. Frequent recharges -- especially at 100% -- may significantly reduce +the battery lifespan. + +To explore how the power adapter's power output affects such power draws from +the battery, I used AIDA64 to log graphs of battery charge rate during the same +sustained heavy workload (running the same game) with different power adapter +output wattages. + +The following graph is for a 65 W adapter. At first, when the processor's TDP +was 35 W, battery charge rate fluctuated significantly, indicating frequent +battery discharges and recharges. Then, the laptop lowered the TDP to 30 W, +and battery charge rate stabilized near zero because the power adapter's output +became sufficient for the reduced power consumption. + +![Battery charge rate graph with 65 W adapter]({{< static-path img +bat-charge-rate-65w.png >}}) + +The graph below is for an 100 W adapter. Battery charge rate was stable near +zero during both TDP stages, showing how an adapter with higher power output +helped. + +![Battery charge rate graph with 100 W adapter]({{< static-path img +bat-charge-rate-100w.png >}}) + +### CPU + +I would typically use Cinebench for standardized CPU benchmarks. The following +are the scores I got after running different Cinebench releases on Framework +Laptop 13 with 7840U. For comparison, I also ran Cinebench on my older HP Envy +x360 with 4700U. + +| Item | Ryzen 7 7840U | Ryzen 7 4700U | +| :-- | --: | --: | +| Cinebench R15 (Multi Core) | 2,290 | 1,151 | +| Cinebench R20 (Multi Core) | 5,541 | 2,853 | +| Cinebench R23 (Multi Core) | 13,913 | 7,211 | + +![Cinebench scores]({{< static-path img cinebench.png >}}) + +The combination of Zen 4 and SMT contributed to nearly doubled Cinebench scores +from 4700U based on Zen 2 to 7840U. This showed a promising sign of +significant performance improvement in real-world workloads such as software +compilation, which is a CPU-intensive task. + +Then, I measured and compared the two CPUs' performance in software compilation +through two types of metrics. The first was the [*Standard Build Unit* +(SBU)][lfs-sbu], a concept from the *Linux From Scratch* (LFS) book for the +purpose of estimating software packages' build times; I measured it by +compiling GNU binutils 2.42 without parallelism on a tmpfs using [LFS's +instructions][lfs-measure-sbu]. The other type of metrics was build times of +Gentoo packages under Portage reported by [`qlop`][qlop]. The table below +shows the build time metrics for the CPUs being compared. + +| Item | Ryzen 7 7840U | Ryzen 7 4700U | +| :-- | --: | --: | +| LFS SBU | 1'55" | 2'26" | +| `sys-devel/binutils` | 48" | 58" | +| `sys-devel/gcc` | 20'28" | 30'43" | +| `sys-devel/llvm` | 15'41" | 29'41" | +| `net-libs/webkit-gtk` | 27'18" | 49'32" | + +On `sys-devel/llvm`, we can observe nearly 2 times speedup of the build +process, which matches the increase in Cinebench scores. For other packages or +metrics, because their corresponding build processes would involve less +parallelism, the speedup is smaller than 2 times based on [Amdahl's law]. In +particular, the SBU is effectively a single-thread benchmark due to how it +would be measured, so it is natural that the improvement in SBU does not scale +as the multi-core Cinebench scores. The build process of `sys-devel/llvm` is +almost fully parallelized, hence the ~2x speedup; however, even for +less-parallelized long builds like `sys-devel/gcc` and `net-libs/webkit-gtk`, +the switch from 4700U to 7840U means saving 10 minutes or even more per +package, which is an impressive improvement in my opinion. + +[lfs-sbu]: https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter04/aboutsbus.html +[lfs-measure-sbu]: https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter05/binutils-pass1.html +[qlop]: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Q_applets#Extracting_information_from_emerge_logs_.28qlop.29 +[Amdahl's law]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl%27s_law + +### Integrated GPU + +For GPU benchmarks with emphasis on gaming performance, I would typically use +3DMark as well as some video games themselves. The following table has the +scores that the integrated Radeon 780M attained in 3DMark Time Spy, a benchmark +for DirectX 12 performance: + +| Item | Score | +| :-- | --: | +| Time Spy Score | 3,376 | +| Graphics Score | 3,026 | +| CPU Score | 9,811 | + +![Time Spy result]({{< static-path img 3dmark-time-spy.png >}}) + +For what it is worth, these scores are for driver version 31.0.24033.1003 from +AMD Adrenalin 24.5.1. With driver versions released in 2023 (Adrenalin 23.x), +I had got lower graphics scores around the 2,700--2,800 range. As mentioned +before, memory performance can also impact the integrated GPU's performance. + +As I have been gaming only infrequently and lightly for a while, the only +still--relatively-popular game I have available for benchmarking is GTA V (if +you recently have ever checked my GTA Online guides on this site, then you +might have noticed that it has not been updated for 3 years now because I +barely play this game anymore). An important reason that I like to use GTA V +for benchmarking purposes is, it is the only game with built-in benchmark tests +that I still install often, making it easy to consistently compare this game's +performance on different machines. The result of GTA V built-in benchmark +tests on this Radeon 780M as well as the graphics settings I used are follows +(click an image to view it in a larger size): + +``` +Frames Per Second (Higher is better) Min, Max, Avg +Pass 0, 41.443390, 103.412613, 72.060959 +Pass 1, 42.708942, 167.861282, 75.391861 +Pass 2, 45.226563, 147.035034, 74.737999 +Pass 3, 49.950550, 210.207687, 79.189964 +Pass 4, 35.867619, 189.533920, 80.756622 + +Frames under 16ms (for 60fps): +Pass 0: 550/667 frames (82.46%) +Pass 1: 600/694 frames (86.46%) +Pass 2: 535/683 frames (78.33%) +Pass 3: 656/732 frames (89.62%) +Pass 4: 8086/9001 frames (89.83%) + +Frames under 33ms (for 30fps): +Pass 0: 667/667 frames (100.00%) +Pass 1: 694/694 frames (100.00%) +Pass 2: 683/683 frames (100.00%) +Pass 3: 732/732 frames (100.00%) +Pass 4: 9001/9001 frames (100.00%) +``` + +{{}} +[![GTA V graphics settings 1]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png l10n >}}) +[![GTA V graphics settings 2]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png l10n >}}) +[![GTA V graphics settings 3]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png l10n >}}) +[![GTA V graphics settings 4]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png l10n >}}) +{{}} + +The Radeon 780M can satisfy my 1080p 60 FPS gaming need in several games I +still play, like GTA V, in which I can even use medium-level graphics settings. +Frame rates might sometimes drop below 60 FPS but can still generally stay +above 45 FPS, which, to me, still looks reasonably smooth. For an integrated +GPU, this is excellent. + +One interesting phenomenon I noticed was that, although the Radeon 780M could +score higher in 3DMark than the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Max-Q on the XPS 15 +9570 that I own, its frame rates in actual games would not always exceed the +1050 Ti Max-Q; GTA V is one example. Because GTA V uses DirectX 11, for best +comparison, I ran 3DMark Fire Strike -- a DirectX 11 benchmark -- on both +machines and got these scores: + +| Item | Radeon 780M | GTX 1050 Ti Max-Q | +| :-- | --: | --: | +| Fire Strike Score | 7,855 | 6,621 | +| Graphics Score | 8,503 | 7,524 | +| Physics Score | 25,328 | 10,093 | +| Combined Score | 3,015 | 2,661 | + +And, here is the GTA V benchmark tests result on the GTX 1050 Ti Max-Q under +the same graphics settings: + +``` +Frames Per Second (Higher is better) Min, Max, Avg +Pass 0, 47.708786, 137.780899, 96.168571 +Pass 1, 57.501667, 125.212860, 93.112434 +Pass 2, 69.121399, 140.849030, 100.829323 +Pass 3, 35.229626, 148.829453, 101.437538 +Pass 4, 40.175808, 150.308136, 97.573715 + +Frames under 16ms (for 60fps): +Pass 0: 888/896 frames (99.11%) +Pass 1: 867/871 frames (99.54%) +Pass 2: 937/937 frames (100.00%) +Pass 3: 933/941 frames (99.15%) +Pass 4: 10949/11024 frames (99.32%) + +Frames under 33ms (for 30fps): +Pass 0: 896/896 frames (100.00%) +Pass 1: 871/871 frames (100.00%) +Pass 2: 937/937 frames (100.00%) +Pass 3: 941/941 frames (100.00%) +Pass 4: 11024/11024 frames (100.00%) +``` + +So, the moral here is that higher scores in benchmark software do not always +translate to better performance in actual workloads. + +#### The Impact of the "iGPU Memory" BIOS Option + +As of BIOS 3.05, the BIOS of Framework Laptop 13 AMD Ryzen 7040 Series has an +"iGPU Memory" BIOS option under the "Advanced" section, which can be changed +from the default "Auto" to "Gaming" to pre-allocate more memory to the +integrated GPU. On my laptop, with 32 GB memory installed, the "Gaming" +setting increases the pre-allocated iGPU memory from 512 MB to 4 GB. + +![The "iGPU Memory" option in BIOS 3.05]({{< static-path img +bios-igpu-memory.jpg >}}) + +I could not observe any non-trivial change in integrated GPU performance caused +by changing this option to "Gaming". With the "Gaming" setting, Time Spy +graphics score could raise to 3,050, which constitutes an increase of less than +1%. In GTA V benchmark tests, the frame rate increasd in some passes, stayed +constant in some other passes, and dropped in the rest passes, but in every +case, the fluctuation was within ±2 FPS. In some other people's benchmarks I +found, changing the pre-allocated iGPU memory would just increase the frame +rate by 1 FPS in many games[^vram-alloc-cmp]. + +[^vram-alloc-cmp]: + +## The Expansion Card System + +Every Framework Laptop 13 mainboard has only 4 USB-C ports, just like many +Apple MacBook Pro models released from 2016 to 2020. Both those MacBook Pro +users and Framework Laptop users need to carry USB-C adapters with them to use +non--USB-C peripherals, but Framework Laptop users never need to worry about +forgetting their adapters because they can just use the adapters designed to +fit onto their laptop itself -- the [Expansion Cards]. With an Expansion Card, +each of the 4 USB-C ports can be either kept as a USB-C port or converted to a +USB-A port, an HDMI port, a microSD card slot, or even a port that is rarely +found on the latest laptops -- a full-size DP port. By selecting different +Expansion Cards, customers can decide the types of ports available on their +Framework Laptop, unlike other laptops, on which the manufacturer makes the +decisions on the ports. + +In my opinion, the greatest benefit that the Expansion Card system offers is +the ability to move a port to the other side of the laptop. If a user of a +latest MacBook Pro model wants to connect their laptop to a projector on their +left-hand side, and the projector's HDMI cable is too short, then good luck to +them because, on recent MacBook Pro models, the HDMI port is located at the +laptop's right-hand side. However, if the user is using a Framework Laptop, +and an HDMI Expansion Card is inserted into a slot on the right-hand side, then +all the user needs to do in this case is to swap the HDMI Expansion Card to the +left-hand side, which is doable without tools. + +[Expansion Cards]: https://frame.work/marketplace/expansion-cards + +## Display + +As of writing, Framework has just launched a new 2.8K display option that +features a higher 2880 × 1920 resolution and 120 Hz refresh rate. Of course, +my laptop would not feature this new display because I placed my order long +before it became available. I am not too picky about the display, so I am +happy with the previous 2256 × 1504 @ 60 Hz display option, which came with my +laptop. I do appreciate the new matte display option though. + +I wish that two things about the display were different... + +### Resolution + +Personally, I actually hope that the display resolution was lower, like 1920 × +1280, so the display could be used without scaling. As of writing, on GNOME -- +the GNU/Linux desktop environment that I use, some applications that do not use +Wayland natively still look blurry when fractional scaling is active. On my HP +Envy x360, which has a 13.3" 1920 × 1080 display, I can use GNOME comfortably +without scaling; on Framework Laptop 13, I need to enable 125% scaling to make +UI elements appear in similar sizes as they do on 13.3" 1920 × 1080. + +### Aspect Ratio + +Framework Laptop 13's display aspect ratio is 3:2. In my opinion, it would +have been better if the aspect ratio was 16:10. + +The 3:2 aspect ratio could benefit some productivity tasks, but 16:10 could be +more balanced between productivity and entertainment. Like 3:2, 16:10 also +provides more vertical space than 16:9 to benefit those productivity tasks +(although less than what 3:2 adds). 16:10 deviates from 16:9 less than 3:2 +does, which alleviates the [letterbox effect] while a 16:9 video is being +watched or a game that only supports 16:9 is being played. + +With a taller display, the laptop's chassis must also be vertically stretched +to match the display size. With the 13.5" 3:2 display, Framework Laptop 13's +depth is comparable to a 15" laptop. What this could mean is, if I am using a +small table with limited vertical space, like a tray table on an airplane, and +the table is too small to fit a 15" laptop, then it is unlikely to fit +Framework Laptop 13 either. If a bag is not wide enough to fit a 15" laptop, +then it probably also cannot fit Framework Laptop 13. + +{{}} +![Framework Laptop 13 with a 13.3" laptop and a 15.6" laptop]({{< static-path +img size-cmp.jpg >}}) + +{{
}} +Comparison of Framework Laptop 13's (center) size to 13.3" HP Envy x360 +13-ay0000 (left) and 15.6" Dell XPS 15 9570 (right). +{{
}} +{{}} + +If I still have any reason to carry around and use the HP Envy x360 despite +Framework Laptop 13's better performance and support for convenient fingerprint +unlock on GNU/Linux, then it is the Envy x360's more portable form factor. It +is only wider than Framework Laptop 13 by about 1 cm (0.4 in), but vertically, +it is shorter than Framework Laptop 13 by about 3.4 cm (1.35 in). + +![Framework Laptop 13 compared with HP Envy x360 13-ay0000]({{< static-path img +size-cmp-hp-fw.jpg >}}) + +However, the 3:2 aspect ratio might have enabled some better laptop +capabilities: with more internal chassis space added to accommodate the +display, the chassis can also fit larger battery and speakers. A look at +Framework Laptop 13's internal[^frmw-13-internal] shows that the Expansion Card +system costs non-trivial space inside the chassis, and the extra chassis space +added for the 3:2 display would offset it. If the display was 16:10, then +battery capacity, speaker quality, or even both might have been sacrificed for +relatively less space. + +![Framework Laptop 13's internal](https://d3t0tbmlie281e.cloudfront.net/igi/framework/xTNw2tQFvMhsdySS.large) + +[letterbox effect]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterboxing_(filming) + +[^frmw-13-internal]: + +## Repairability + +Repairability is one of Framework's major values and selling +points[^frmw-about]. Once before, I saw a person asking in the r/framework +subreddit whether it would be worth it to pay the premium for a Framework +Laptop and the benefits that people commonly associate with it, such as +repairability. After all, laptops cheaper than a Framework Laptop but have +similar hardware specification do exist. + +After seeing this question, I started to reflect on the most important reason I +chose a Framework Laptop over other manufacturers' laptops. Was it the +availability of official repair guides? Both HP Envy x360 +13-ay0000[^service-guide-hp-ay0000] and Dell XPS 15 +9570[^service-guide-dell-xps-9570] have an official service guide available +(though in HP's case, the guide's intended audience does not seem to be the end +users, and the guide is no longer available on HP official website as of +writing, which is why I had to include a Wayback Machine link instead). Was it +the ease of performing a repair? I am reluctant to obey Framework's guidance +on keeping the battery connected during repairs[^frmw-battery-connector] since +this would typically pose a risk of short circuiting and thus device damage. +Framework suggested this because Framework Laptop 13 mainboards' battery +connector is fragile. In their official repair guides, every time when the +battery needs to be reconnected, their instructions are to double check for any +bent battery connector pins[^frmw-check-battery-pins]; if bent pins are found, +customers are advised to stop the repair and contact Framework Support. This +seems to complicate repairs instead of ease them for those who want to +disconnect the battery just to be safe. On any other laptop, I have never +heard of the need to refrain from disconnecting the battery due to a fragile +connector. + +Then, I thought of a thing that Framework has but few other laptop +manufacturers have: an official online store where *all* spare parts are +available for purchase. A long time ago, I broke a Wi-Fi antenna connector on +an Asus laptop and had difficulty finding replacement parts, not only because +of the lack of an Asus official store for spare parts, but even third-party +sources like AliExpress did not sell the same antenna as the one I broke. The +health of my HP Envy x360's battery has degraded, but the official HP Parts +Store does not sell replacement batteries for my model; as of writing, I can +only find M.2 SSDs and Wi-Fi modules for my model on the HP +Store[^parts-hp-ay0000], which is not particularly helpful because these are +just generic components that I can buy elsewhere. The Wi-Fi antenna and the +battery on these laptops are technically easy to replace, but it is infeasible +to perform even the easiest part replacement operation if the replacement part +is unavailable. With Framework Marketplace, I am assured that I can get +genuine replacement Wi-Fi antenna and battery when I need them. + +To summarize, laptops that are technically easier to repair than Framework +Laptops may exist, but the availability of reliable spare parts is a +prerequisite of many repairs and is thus also important. Framework is +committed to making all spare parts available to customers, which is something +that other laptop manufacturers rarely do. This, in my opinion, is the best +value that Framework offers with its products. + +If I could have one aspect of Framework Laptop 13 design changed to further +improve repairability, then it would be a more robust battery connector as +mentioned above since disconnecting the battery before repairs is important for +safety. A connector like the one on Framework Laptop 16[^frmw-16-battery] (as +shown below) would be great because the connector features thicker blades and +is thus more robust. I do not know what trade-off Framework had to make to +favor the fragile connector on Framework Laptop 13; it could be because it +would allow for a higher battery capacity, or it was the only solution +available on the market when the first generation of Framework Laptop 13 was +launched. + +![Framework Laptop 16's battery connector](https://d3t0tbmlie281e.cloudfront.net/igi/framework/4CsjVHfRoYtZjd2W.large) + +[^frmw-about]: +[^service-guide-hp-ay0000]: +[^service-guide-dell-xps-9570]: +[^frmw-battery-connector]: +[^frmw-check-battery-pins]: +[^parts-hp-ay0000]: +[^frmw-16-battery]: diff --git a/content/zh/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u.md b/content/zh/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3ca1464f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u.md @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ +--- +title: "Framework Laptop 13 AMD 锐龙 7 7840U 版本" +categories: + - 博客 +toc: true +header: + overlay_image: /img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/unbox.jpg + og_image: /img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/unbox.jpg + overlay_filter: 0.5 + show_overlay_excerpt: false +--- + +[Framework 笔记本]虽然目前还未在中国大陆境内销售，但依然有不少人通过新闻或者视频了解过。提到 Framework，很多人的第一印象也许是“模块化”[^modularity-impression]，不过 Framework 自己标榜的产品设计理念主要是可维修、可客制化、以及可升级。一开始，Framework 笔记本用的全是英特尔酷睿处理器；在等待了两年后，Framework 终于推出了我心念已久的 AMD 锐龙版本，我遂购买了一台搭载锐龙 7 7840U 的 Framework Laptop 13，在 2023 年 11 月收到货后一直使用至今，直到现在终于有时间可以记录一下我的使用体验了。 + +[Framework 笔记本]: https://frame.work/ + +[^modularity-impression]: + +## 背景 + +我首次了解到 Framework 就是在他们一开始推出使用 11 代酷睿处理器的型号的时候。当时我就说：“如果这笔记本用的是 AMD，我直接就买了。” Framework 最吸引我的地方在于，他们为了实现产品的可维修性，在官方[商城]上销售原装备件。我以前维修其它笔记本时，有过需要备件但买不到的经历，因此很欣赏 Framework 这一点。不过，我对 Framework 最初只使用英特尔处理器的选择感到比较遗憾，因为当时市面上已经有了更好的处理器可供笔记本厂商选用：自打锐龙 4000 系列推出开始，AMD 的轻薄本 CPU 在同功耗下的性能表现往往强于英特尔的对应型号[^amd-intel-cmp-1] [^amd-intel-cmp-2]，因此轻薄本使用 AMD 处理器一般就意味着其拥有比使用英特尔的型号更强的性能。 + +终于，到 2023 年，Framework 发布了搭载 AMD 锐龙 7040 系列处理器的型号，之前阻止我购买 Framework 的唯一理由也就消失了。因为个人原因，我无法在新型号发布之时立刻下单；等到终于可以下单时，我的订单已经排到了第 5 批（Framework 的新产品是按照购买时间分批发货的），故直到 11 月，前面几批订单都发货后，我才收到我的机器。Framework 同一时间还发布了全新的 16 寸型号（Framework Laptop 16），也使用 AMD 锐龙 7040 系列处理器，不过由于我更倾向于便携性，就还是选择了最原始的 13.5 寸型号（Framework Laptop 13）。 + +[商城]: https://frame.work/marketplace/parts + +[^amd-intel-cmp-1]: +[^amd-intel-cmp-2]: + +## 配置 + +如开头所述，允许自定义配置是 Framework 笔记本的一大特点：顾客可以选择购买准系统——即在下单时，选择 DIY 版本（DIY Edition），然后不要内存和硬盘；也可以像买普通笔记本一样，选择提前组装好、预装 Windows、开箱即用的版本。在我下单时，因为 Framework 官方商城上的内存和固态硬盘比别的地方贵，所以我选择了这种准系统配置，然后在其它平台以更低价格购买了剩下的组件。 + +![在 Framework 官方商城选择准系统配置]({{< static-path img marketplace-barebone-system.png l10n >}}) + +在处理器方面，Framework 提供了两种锐龙 7040 系列型号的选择： + +| 处理器 | CPU 核心 / 线程数 | CPU 最高频率 | 集显 | 集显核心数（CU） | 集显最高频率 | +| :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | +| 锐龙 5 7640U | 6 / 12 | 4.9 GHz | Radeon 760M | 8 | 2.6 GHz | +| 锐龙 7 7840U | 8 / 16 | 5.1 GHz | Radeon 780M | 12 | 2.7 GHz | + +我选择了加钱上 7840U，主要是为了我个人最主要的两种使用场景：编译 Gentoo Linux 软件包和轻度游戏。编译软件时，CPU 线程数越多，一般编译就越快：对于大软件包而言，16 线程相比于 12 线程能节省至多 25% 编译时间。7840U 附带的 Radeon 780M 集显的规格也明显比 7640U 的 760M 更高，能换取更高的游戏帧数。 + +内存方面，我根据我的主要使用场景，买了两条 16 GB DDR5-5600 CL46 内存组成 32 GB 双通道。对于大概 99% 的软件包而言，16 线程并发编译用 32 GB 内存是绰绰有余；但还是有大约 1% 的软件包的编译流程会吃很多内存，比如 `net-libs/webkit-gtk`，就必须按照 Gentoo 的建议给每个线程预留 2 GiB 内存[^portage-makeopts]。为保险起见，我就选择了 32 GB 内存。（还有一种解决方法不需要加内存，那就是在 [`/etc/portage/package.env`][portage-package.env] 中减少编译这些大包时使用的线程数量。）双通道则是为了更好的集显性能，毕竟集显没有自己的显存，因此需要借用系统内存，故双通道带来的内存性能提升也可以让集显获益。 + +[portage-package.env]: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki//etc/portage/package.env#Use_different_MAKEOPTS_for_a_specific_package + +[^portage-makeopts]: + +## 操作系统 + +我现在用电脑，几乎所有任务都能在 Gentoo Linux 下完成，只有玩游戏会切换到以双系统方式安装的 Windows，因为感觉在 GNU/Linux 下折腾 Windows 兼容层更麻烦。由于几乎所有笔记本厂商都和微软有合作关系，所以大多笔记本在 Windows 下能平稳运行，但在 GNU/Linux 下就容易出现问题，小到各种小毛病，大到完全不能正常使用；至于 Framework 笔记本，在操作系统兼容性方面有着和其它品牌笔记本截然不同的光景。 + +### GNU/Linux + +在我见识过的笔记本厂家中，Framework 在 GNU/Linux 支持方面是最认真的。在选择笔记本零部件时，他们会注重部件在 Linux 内核中是否有驱动这一因素[^frmw-linux]，以保证所有硬件功能在基于 Linux 的系统下都能正常使用。 + +要说哪个笔记本部件最常出现在 GNU/Linux 下不能用的情况，那恐怕是指纹模块；然而，Framework 笔记本的指纹模块在 GNU/Linux 下照样能使用。我之前用过的两台笔记本——分别是惠普 Envy x360 13-ay0000 和戴尔 XPS 15 9570——都是有指纹模块，但在 GNU/Linux 下完全无法使用。尤其是 Envy x360，情况简直离谱，说是指纹模块驱动程序曾被加进 Linux 内核过，但后来居然在指纹模块制造商的要求下被删除了[^hp-13-ay0000-fp]。我这台 Framework Laptop 13 还是第一次让我能在 GNU/Linux 下体验指纹解锁。 + +![GNU/Linux 上运行的 GNOME 显示的指纹识别选项]({{< static-path img gnu-linux-fingerprint.png >}}) + +[^frmw-linux]: +[^hp-13-ay0000-fp]: 在该页面上搜索“ay0xxxx”： + +### Windows + +在 Windows 支持方面，Framework 的做法倒是和其它笔记本厂商有点像了，应该也更符合微软的意思：对于最新发布的型号，他们只支持 Windows 11，未官方支持 Windows 10。尽管 AMD 官方在 7840U 上还是支持 Windows 10 的[^amd-7840u-specs]，但 Framework 没有给搭载 AMD 锐龙 7040 系列处理器的笔记本提供 Windows 10 下的驱动程序。 + +虽然 Framework 不给 Windows 10 驱动，但在 Windows 10 下装驱动的问题仍然能几乎完美地解决。[官方驱动整合包]可以用 [7-Zip] 解压，其中许多驱动都同时兼容 Windows 10 和 Windows 11，包括集显、蓝牙、指纹模块、声卡和无线网卡的驱动。整合包里的芯片组驱动不兼容 Windows 10，但是兼容 Windows 10 的芯片组驱动可以直接从 [AMD 官网]下载。 + +装好上述驱动之后，设备管理器里就应该只剩一个没有驱动的硬件了；如下图所示，该硬件的硬件 ID 为 `MSFT0200`。这个硬件应该是[微软 Pluton 安全芯片][微软 Pluton 安全芯片][^frmw-msft0200]，负责提供 TPM 功能。我找了一圈，并没有找到兼容 Windows 10 的 Pluton 驱动，所以这台笔记本的 TPM 在 Windows 10 下也没法使用了。对于个人用户而言，没有 TPM，受影响最大的 Windows 功能是 BitLocker 驱动器加密[^windows-tpm]。但对我来说 BitLocker 加密没什么用，毕竟我用 Windows 基本只打游戏，在 Windows 分区上不存储敏感数据，所以为了用 Windows 10 而牺牲 TPM 也无所谓。 + +![Windows 10 中仅剩的无驱动的硬件]({{< static-path img devmgmt.png >}}) + +我见过有些人在这种情况下会建议升级到 Windows 11，原因是升级确实能解决没有 Pluton 驱动的问题，而且 Windows 10 的支持在 2025 年 10 月 14 日过后就结束了。Windows 10 停止支持并非升级到 Windows 11 的有力理由，因为这次个人消费者也可以购买 Windows 10 的扩展安全更新（ESU）[^windows-esu]，与以往只有批量许可用户能购买的情况不同，所以任何肯付钱的人都可以在停止支持后继续享受 Windows 10 的安全更新。能使用 Windows 10 LTSC 的用户甚至能一直享受支持到 2032 年。 + +[官方驱动整合包]: https://knowledgebase.frame.work/framework-laptop-13-bios-and-driver-releases-amd-ryzen-7040-series-r1rXGVL16 +[7-Zip]: https://www.7-zip.org/ +[AMD 官网]: https://www.amd.com/zh-cn/support/downloads/drivers.html/chipsets/laptop-chipsets/amd-ryzen-and-athlon-mobile-chipset.html +[微软 Pluton 安全芯片]: https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/hardware-security/pluton/pluton-as-tpm + +[^amd-7840u-specs]: +[^frmw-msft0200]: +[^windows-tpm]: +[^windows-esu]: + +## 性能 + +如前面所述，我等待 AMD 型号、选择了 7840U，就是为了更强的性能；尤其是 7840U 的 8 核 Zen 4 架构 CPU 和 RDNA 3 架构集显，让我对它的性能充满期待。因此，收到货后，一装好操作系统，我就迫不及待地开始测试这台笔记本的性能，看看相比于我之前用的惠普 Envy x360 13-ay0000 有多大的提升。这台惠普的笔记本用的是 AMD 在 2020 年推出的锐龙 7 4700U，所以这两台机器的性能差异也能反映出 AMD 轻薄本处理器在过去三年的性能提升。当然了，这样的比较有些勉强，毕竟锐龙 4000 系列中和 7840U 对位的型号应该是 4800U，因为两者都是 8 核 16 线程；而 4700U 没有超线程，所以虽然同为 8 核，但只有 8 线程。由于我没有搭载 4800U 的机器，所以只能用 4700U 来和 7840U 比较了。 + +### 关于电源适配器的注意事项 + +如果经常运行高负载应用（例如软件编译和游戏），那么推荐使用 100 瓦 USB PD 电源适配器，以避免笔记本频繁从电池“偷电”。如果电源适配器的输出功率不足以应付高负载应用的高功耗，那么这台笔记本会通过从电池取电来满足额外的电力需求。从电池取电后，充电指示灯可能会短暂变为橙色，说明刚才取电造成了电量下降，以至于电池重新被充满。然而，这样的频繁充放电可能缩减电池寿命，尤其是在电池电量长期被维持在 100% 左右的情况下。 + +为了探究电源适配器功率对电池取电行为的影响，我将笔记本连接到不同功率的电源适配器，然后用 AIDA64 记录了在同样应用场景（运行同一游戏）下电池充电功率的图表。 + +65 瓦适配器的图表如下。最开始，处理器 TDP 为 35 瓦时，电池充电功率频繁波动，说明此时笔记本频繁从电池取电，导致电池重新被充满。一段时间后，笔记本将处理器 TDP 降至 30 瓦，电池充电功率也随之稳定在 0 左右，说明功耗需求降低后，电源适配器提供的功率就可以满足了。 + +![65 瓦适配器的电池充电功率图表]({{< static-path img bat-charge-rate-65w.png >}}) + +100 瓦适配器的图表如下。电池充电功率在两个 TDP 阶段都能稳定在 0 左右，说明更高功率的适配器是有明显作用的。 + +![100 瓦适配器的电池充电功率图表]({{< static-path img bat-charge-rate-100w.png >}}) + +### CPU + +CPU 跑分我一般用 Cinebench。以下是这台 Framework Laptop 13 上的 7840U 在常见 Cinebench 版本下的分数，以及我之前用的惠普 Envy x360 上的 4700U 的分数作为对比： + +| 项目 | 锐龙 7 7840U | 锐龙 7 4700U | +| :-- | --: | --: | +| Cinebench R15（多核） | 2290 | 1151 | +| Cinebench R20（多核） | 5541 | 2853 | +| Cinebench R23（多核） | 13913 | 7211 | + +![Cinebench 跑分结果]({{< static-path img cinebench.png >}}) + +有了 Zen 4 和超线程，7840U 的 Cinebench 跑分几乎是基于 Zen 2 的 4700U 的两倍，让我更加期待它在实际 CPU 使用场景中的性能进步，例如软件编译。 + +为了对比两台笔记本的 CPU 在软件编译方面的性能，我收集了两批数据。第一批是《Linux From Scratch》（LFS）一书中的[“标准构建时长单位”（*Standard Build Unit*, SBU）][lfs-sbu]，即 LFS 书中使用的用来估计软件包构建时长的时间单位；我遵照 [LFS 书中的步骤][lfs-measure-sbu]，选择在 tmpfs 上单线程编译 GNU binutils 2.42 来测得 1 SBU 所对应的时间。第二批数据是使用 [`qlop`][qlop] 工具查询得到的 Gentoo 软件包在 Portage 下的构建时长。以下是所有数据： + +| 项目 | 锐龙 7 7840U | 锐龙 7 4700U | +| :-- | --: | --: | +| LFS SBU | 1'55" | 2'26" | +| `sys-devel/binutils` | 48" | 58" | +| `sys-devel/gcc` | 20'28" | 30'43" | +| `sys-devel/llvm` | 15'41" | 29'41" | +| `net-libs/webkit-gtk` | 27'18" | 49'32" | + +其中，`sys-devel/llvm` 的构建速度在 7840U 上几乎是 4700U 的 2 倍，与 Cinebench 跑分的提升吻合。至于其它几项数据，因为构建过程并非完全并行，所以根据[阿姆达尔定律]，构建速度提升也相对较低。尤其是 SBU，因为是通过单线程编译软件包测得的，所以本质相当于单线程跑分，提升幅度自然不会和 Cinebench 多核心跑分一样。`sys-devel/llvm` 的构建几乎能充分利用所有线程，故构建速度提升接近 2 倍；不过，即使是 `sys-devel/gcc` 和 `net-libs/webkit-gtk` 这些构建过程不完全并行的大包，每个包在 7840U 上也能比 4700U 快至少 10 分钟，我觉得已经是很大的提升了。 + +[lfs-sbu]: https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter04/aboutsbus.html +[lfs-measure-sbu]: https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter05/binutils-pass1.html +[qlop]: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Q_applets/zh-cn#.E4.BB.8E_emerge_.E6.97.A5.E5.BF.97.E6.8F.90.E5.8F.96.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF_.28qlop.29 +[阿姆达尔定律]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B + +### 集显 + +在显卡游戏性能测试方面，我一般用 3DMark 跑分外加直接跑游戏进行测试。以下是 Radeon 780M 集显在 3DMark Time Spy 中的跑分结果，该跑分反映的是显卡的 DirectX 12 性能： + +| 项目 | 分数 | +| :-- | --: | +| Time Spy 分数 | 3376 | +| 显卡分数 | 3026 | +| CPU 分数 | 9811 | + +![Time Spy 结果]({{< static-path img 3dmark-time-spy.png >}}) + +以上分数基于 AMD 24.5.1 版驱动包、驱动程序版本 31.0.24033.1003。如果用 2023 年的驱动版本（23.x 版本）的话，分数会比这个更低：图形分会在 2700--2800 这个范围。之前也提到，内存性能也会影响集显性能。 + +因为我现在不怎么玩游戏了，所以方便用于显卡性能测试、且性能测试结果还有一定参考意义的游戏恐怕只有 GTA V 了。这游戏是我硬盘上安装的唯一内置基准测试的游戏；基准测试可以提供标准化的游戏帧数数据，方便在不同机器间比较。以下是 Radeon 780M 运行 GTA V 基准测试的结果以及我使用的画质设置（点击图片可查看大图）： + +``` +Frames Per Second (Higher is better) Min, Max, Avg +Pass 0, 41.443390, 103.412613, 72.060959 +Pass 1, 42.708942, 167.861282, 75.391861 +Pass 2, 45.226563, 147.035034, 74.737999 +Pass 3, 49.950550, 210.207687, 79.189964 +Pass 4, 35.867619, 189.533920, 80.756622 + +Frames under 16ms (for 60fps): +Pass 0: 550/667 frames (82.46%) +Pass 1: 600/694 frames (86.46%) +Pass 2: 535/683 frames (78.33%) +Pass 3: 656/732 frames (89.62%) +Pass 4: 8086/9001 frames (89.83%) + +Frames under 33ms (for 30fps): +Pass 0: 667/667 frames (100.00%) +Pass 1: 694/694 frames (100.00%) +Pass 2: 683/683 frames (100.00%) +Pass 3: 732/732 frames (100.00%) +Pass 4: 9001/9001 frames (100.00%) +``` + +{{}} +[![GTA V 画质设置 1]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png l10n >}}) +[![GTA V 画质设置 2]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png l10n >}}) +[![GTA V 画质设置 3]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png l10n >}}) +[![GTA V 画质设置 4]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png l10n >}})]({{< static-path img gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png l10n >}}) +{{}} + +在我现在还在玩的几款游戏中，780M 集显可以满足我 1080p 60 FPS 的游戏需求，而且我在 GTA V 中甚至能稍微调高一点画质。虽然游戏帧数偶尔会掉到 60 FPS 以下，但基本仍能保持在 45 FPS 以上，对我来说完全可以接受。作为一颗集显，这样的表现已经很好了。 + +当然了，跑分更高不代表实际性能也会一直更高。虽然 780M 的 3DMark 跑分高于我的 XPS 15 9570 上的英伟达 GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Max-Q，但 780M 的实际游戏帧数有时会低于后者——GTA V 就是例子之一。GTA V 是 DirectX 11 游戏，所以我在两台机器上又跑了 3DMark Fire Strike 进行比较，因为 Fire Strike 是 DirectX 11 测试。以下是跑分结果： + +| 项目 | Radeon 780M | GTX 1050 Ti Max-Q | +| :-- | --: | --: | +| Fire Strike 分数 | 7855 | 6621 | +| 显卡分数 | 8503 | 7524 | +| 物理分数 | 25328 | 10093 | +| 综合分数 | 3015 | 2661 | + +以下是在使用相同画质设置时，GTX 1050 Ti Max-Q 运行 GTA V 基准测试的结果： + +``` +Frames Per Second (Higher is better) Min, Max, Avg +Pass 0, 47.708786, 137.780899, 96.168571 +Pass 1, 57.501667, 125.212860, 93.112434 +Pass 2, 69.121399, 140.849030, 100.829323 +Pass 3, 35.229626, 148.829453, 101.437538 +Pass 4, 40.175808, 150.308136, 97.573715 + +Frames under 16ms (for 60fps): +Pass 0: 888/896 frames (99.11%) +Pass 1: 867/871 frames (99.54%) +Pass 2: 937/937 frames (100.00%) +Pass 3: 933/941 frames (99.15%) +Pass 4: 10949/11024 frames (99.32%) + +Frames under 33ms (for 30fps): +Pass 0: 896/896 frames (100.00%) +Pass 1: 871/871 frames (100.00%) +Pass 2: 937/937 frames (100.00%) +Pass 3: 941/941 frames (100.00%) +Pass 4: 11024/11024 frames (100.00%) +``` + +所以，这是跑分更高但实际游戏帧数更低的又一个例子。 + +#### BIOS 中显存大小设置的影响 + +这款机型目前的 3.05 版 BIOS 中有个“iGPU Memory”选项，可以在“自动”和“游戏”两个模式间切换，以调节给集显预分配的显存大小。我安装了 32 GB 内存，所以自动模式下预分配的显存是 512 MB，而游戏模式下是 4 GB。 + +![3.05 版 BIOS 中的显存大小设置]({{< static-path img bios-igpu-memory.jpg >}}) + +我并没有发现这个设置对集显性能有什么明显的影响。游戏模式下，Time Spy 显卡分可以跑到 3050 分，提升幅度小于 1%。在 GTA V 的基准测试里，有些场景帧数更高，有些帧数不变，有些甚至会降低，但每个场景的帧数变化都在 ±2 FPS 以内。根据我在网上看到的其它评测，在大多游戏中，预分配更多显存带来的帧数提升也就 1 FPS[^vram-alloc-cmp]。 + +[^vram-alloc-cmp]: + +## 扩展卡系统 + +Framework Laptop 13 的主板上只有 4 个 USB-C 接口，就和苹果 MacBook Pro 在 2016 到 2020 年间的不少机型一样。因此，这些 MacBook Pro 机型的用户和 Framework 用户一样，如果想使用不是 USB-C 接口的设备，就必须常备 USB-C 转接头。不过，Framework 用户不需要担心忘带转接头的问题，因为他们可以选择能直接嵌入 Framework 笔记本机身的转接头：[扩展卡]。 + +![在 Framework 笔记本上安装扩展卡](https://static.frame.work/eim1sw277dv3w4iqpffoy6h1utam) + +[扩展卡]: https://frame.work/marketplace/expansion-cards + +Framework Laptop 13 机身左侧和右侧各有 2 个扩展卡槽，每个卡槽对应主板上的一个 USB-C 接口。只需插入对应的扩展卡，即可将扩展卡槽变为 USB-C 接口、USB-A 接口、HDMI 接口、microSD 卡槽等接口，甚至还能变为笔记本上十分少见的标准 DP 接口。其它笔记本上的接口类型是由厂商决定的，而 Framework 用户通过使用不同的扩展卡，可以自己选择他们笔记本上的接口类型。 + +其实，扩展卡的本质就是 USB-C 到各种接口的转接头（或者，对于[存储扩展卡]而言，USB-C 接口的 U盘），插在其它笔记本上也可以使用，只不过是做成了能嵌入 Framework 笔记本机身的样子。 + +在我看来，这套扩展卡系统最好的地方在于：用户可以将笔记本的接口挪到机身的另一侧。举个例子，如果使用最新款 MacBook Pro 的用户需要把电脑连接到左手边的投影仪上，但是投影仪的 HDMI 线不够长，那么操作可能十分费劲，因为新款 MacBook Pro 的 HDMI 接口在机身右侧。而如果这名用户用的是 Framework 笔记本，那么只要有 HDMI 扩展卡，即使插在了机身右侧，也可以当场将扩展卡换到机身左边，即可解决 HDMI 线过短的问题，并且插拔扩展卡无需任何工具。 + +[存储扩展卡]: https://frame.work/products/storage-expansion-card-2nd-gen + +## 显示屏 + +我的这台 Framework Laptop 13 的显示屏面板是京东方 NE135FBM-N41，分辨率为 2256 × 1504，屏幕刷新率为 60 Hz。我对屏幕不是很挑剔，所以完全可以接受这个平庸的刷新率。我这块显示屏是雾面屏，是 Framework 在 2023 年新推出的屏幕选项；相比于最开始的镜面屏，雾面屏这一点我倒是更喜欢。而在本文编写之时，Framework 刚刚又推出了全新的 2.8K 屏幕选项，规格为 2880 × 1920 @ 120 Hz，既可在购买新机时选配，也可以单独购买，以升级手头已有的笔记本的显示屏。 + +假如可以的话，我倒是想对这块显示屏做两处改动…… + +### 分辨率 + +我个人反而希望屏幕分辨率更低一些，比如 1920 × 1280，这样的话即使不启用显示缩放，也仍然能看清屏幕内容。我在 GNU/Linux 上使用的桌面环境是 GNOME，而在本文编写之时，如果在 GNOME 上开启了非整数倍缩放，那么非原生 Wayland 应用显示会模糊。我的惠普 Envy x360 的屏幕是 13.3 寸 1920 × 1080 的，在关闭缩放的情况下，GNOME 界面的大小对我来说依然合适；而在 Framework Laptop 13 上，我就得开启 125% 缩放才能让界面大小和 13.3 寸 1920 × 1080 上差不多。 + +### 长宽比例 + +Framework Laptop 13 显示屏的长宽比是 3:2，但我更希望它是 16:10。 + +3:2 对于一些生产力任务更合适，但 16:10 能更好地在生产力和娱乐之间平衡。16:10 与 3:2 一样，都有比 16:9 更多的纵向空间，利于生产力任务（虽然 3:2 多出的纵向空间比 16:10 更多）。但在观看 16:9 视频和玩只支持 16:9 的游戏时，16:10 的屏幕黑边会比 3:2 更小。 + +因为 3:2 的显示屏更高了，所以笔记本机身整体也得跟着纵向拉伸。这样一来，这台 13.5 寸笔记本的纵向长度就几乎赶上了 15 寸笔记本。因此，在诸如飞机小桌板、学校宿舍里外接键盘放在笔记本前这样的纵向空间受限的场景下，Framework Laptop 13 占用的空间就可能和 15 寸笔记本感觉差不多。同样地，宽度不足以容纳 15 寸笔记本的电脑包也不一定能塞得下 Framework Laptop 13。 + +{{}} +![Framework Laptop 13 与 13.3 寸和 15.6 寸笔记本对比]({{< static-path img size-cmp.jpg >}}) + +{{
}} +Framework Laptop 13（中）与 13.3 寸的惠普 Envy x360 13-ay0000（左）和 15.6 寸的戴尔 XPS 15 9570（右）并排比较。 +{{
}} +{{}} + +尽管这台 Framework Laptop 13 的性能全面超越了我的惠普 Envy x360，而且在 GNU/Linux 下可以方便地用指纹解锁，但我在外出时，有时还是更喜欢携带惠普，就是因为惠普的机身更小巧便携：惠普的机身横向上只比 Framework 长 1 cm，但纵向上短 3.4 cm。 + +![Framework Laptop 13 与 HP Envy x360 13-ay0000 对比]({{< static-path img size-cmp-hp-fw.jpg >}}) + +当然了，3:2 显示屏也许对 Framework Laptop 13 的内部设计带来了至关重要的好处：纵向拉伸机身是容纳 3:2 屏幕所需，但也给机身内部增加了更多空间，可以容纳更大的电池和扬声器。通过观察 Framework Laptop 13 内部构造[^frmw-13-internal]，可以发现扩展卡系统需要占用机身内部不少空间，而 3:2 显示屏为机身带来的额外空间可以抵消这部分空间占用。而如果显示屏是 16:10 的话，内部空间可能缩减，也许就需要牺牲电池容量或者扬声器音质——甚至可能要同时牺牲两者。 + +![Framework Laptop 13 内部](https://d3t0tbmlie281e.cloudfront.net/igi/framework/xTNw2tQFvMhsdySS.large) + +[^frmw-13-internal]: + +## 所谓“模块化”与可维修性 + +如开头所述，在国内网络社区中，许多人看到 Framework 都会从“模块化”角度参与讨论，久而久之也就给 Framework 笔记本贴上了“模块化”的标签。 + +有网友称，Framework 笔记本算不上真正的模块化，因为它的处理器和现阶段的主流笔记本一样，都是焊在主板上的，无法像蓝天准系统笔记本使用台式机插槽处理器那样轻松自主更换。我认同这一观点：如果想升级处理器这一影响电脑性能的核心因素，那么只能通过更换主板（或者自己焊接）实现，因此单在这一点上，Framework 笔记本的模块化程度和其它大部分笔记本是一样低的。不过，处理器直接焊在主板上恐怕是无法避免的设计，因为 Framework 推出第一款笔记本型号的一个目标就是在不牺牲轻薄和性能的情况下，做可升级、可客制化、可维修的产品[^frmw-13-og-news]，而想要控制机身厚度的话就得采取焊接处理器的方案。并且，在其它方面，Framework Laptop 13 的模块化做得还是到位的：双内存插槽[^frmw-13-memory]是很多 13 寸左右的笔记本根本没有的（其它的大多都是板载），而扩展卡系统相当于模块化接口。 + +但是，Framework 自己其实很少用“模块化”来标榜 Framework Laptop 13。Framework 官网主页现在对 Framework Laptop 13 的描述是“客制化、升级、维修”，并没有以模块化（modularity）为重点。在他们的“关于我们”页面上[^frmw-about]，连“modularity”或者“module”字样都搜不到；反之，该页面上谈论的是 Framework 通过设计可维修的产品来延长电子产品生命周期、减少电子垃圾，同时锦上添花地让产品具备可升级、可客制化的属性。Framework Laptop 16 倒是更强调模块化：不但可以在 C 面选择安装数字小键盘模块、宏键盘模块、灯带模块、LED 点阵模块等，而且机身尾部还可以插入诸如独立显卡、M.2 固态硬盘转接卡等扩展模块[^frmw-16-news]。然而，即使机身更大，Framework Laptop 16 的处理器仍然是焊在主板上的。有趣的是，国内网络社区给 Framework 贴的“模块化”标签是在 Framework Laptop 16 发布前就有的，而当时只有 Framework Laptop 13。 + +![Framework 官网主页对 Framework Laptop 13 的描述]({{< static-path img framework-homepage.png l10n >}}) + +不过，即使从维修操作难易度的角度而言，Framework 笔记本和其它笔记本相比也未必有明显优势。“拧下几颗螺丝、取下盖板，就可以接触到电脑内部元件”的基本维修流程，适用于 Framework，但也适用于很多别的笔记本。开始接触内部元件前，为防止误碰元件造成短路导致设备损坏，通常都建议先断开电池连接；然而 Framework 官方居然不推荐在维修前断开电池[^frmw-battery-connector]，原因是电池排线插座里的针脚过于脆弱，容易弯曲。在 Framework Laptop 13 的官方维修指南里，如果有必须断开电池的维修步骤（比如更换电池本身），那么到重连电池的时候，维修指南会强调检查电池排线插座里有没有针脚已经弯曲，而如果有的话，应中断维修并联系客服寻求帮助[^frmw-check-battery-pins]。也许 Framework Laptop 13 的主板有拆机自动断电机制，但谁知道呢？这样一来，用户在维修时，要么顶着安全风险，遵照官方建议，不断开电池，要么冒着损坏脆弱的电池针脚的风险，断开电池——维修反而没那么简单了。而在其它没有标榜可维修性的笔记本上，我还没有听说过因为电池接口过于脆弱，所以维修时不应该拔电池的说法。 + +然而，“可维修性”的范畴仅限于操作难易度吗？正所谓“巧妇难为无米之炊”：就算笔记本再好拆，如果有零部件损坏了，需要更换，但是买不到靠谱的备件，那也没法完成维修。多年前，我弄坏了我当时用的一台华硕笔记本的无线网卡天线，但即使是在淘宝上也找不到卖那台笔记本的天线的。我现在手头的惠普 Envy x360 的电池容量已经衰减了，如果我想换块新电池让它满血复活，那么就算能在淘宝上买到我这个型号的电池，也得用自己的生命和财产安全赌它的质量是否合格、会不会哪一天突然爆炸。如果我在 Framework 笔记本上遇到这类需要 +更换零部件的情况，就不用担心备件的问题，因为官方商城上可以买到所有的原装备件——无线网卡天线、电池、甚至螺丝。如果确实需要更换 Framework 笔记本的电池，那电池针脚脆弱又怎样？至少可以谨慎操作，避免弄弯针脚；电池可以从官方买到原装的替换件，不需要拿个人生命和财产安全来赌博。 + +官方商城上售卖原装备件可供所有消费者购买——*这*在我看来才是 Framework 产品最突出的特点，而不是什么模块化。其它笔记本厂商里没有多少会给个人消费者提供购买原装备件的渠道。 + +如果我可以改 Framework Laptop 13 的一处设计，那么肯定是电池接口，毕竟维修前断开电池对于安全十分重要。我觉得改成 Framework Laptop 16 用的那种接口[^frmw-16-battery]就不错（如下图所示），它用的是更宽、更坚固的金手指，而非细细的针脚。我也不清楚 Framework 在一开始为什么选用这种使用脆弱针脚的方案；或许这样能把电池容量做得更大，又或许是在发布第一批 Framework Laptop 13 的时候市面上只有这种方案能用。 + +![Framework Laptop 16 的电池接口](https://d3t0tbmlie281e.cloudfront.net/igi/framework/4CsjVHfRoYtZjd2W.large) + +[^frmw-13-og-news]: +[^frmw-13-memory]: +[^frmw-16-news]: +[^frmw-about]: +[^frmw-battery-connector]: +[^frmw-check-battery-pins]: +[^frmw-16-battery]: diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/3dmark-time-spy.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/3dmark-time-spy.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b7a3d14a Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/3dmark-time-spy.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bat-charge-rate-100w.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bat-charge-rate-100w.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..01f94af2 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bat-charge-rate-100w.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bat-charge-rate-65w.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bat-charge-rate-65w.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..84c8e6cc Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bat-charge-rate-65w.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bios-igpu-memory.jpg b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bios-igpu-memory.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..64256a22 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/bios-igpu-memory.jpg differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/cinebench.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/cinebench.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..334003c5 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/cinebench.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/devmgmt.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/devmgmt.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..014347cf Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/devmgmt.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d6276dd0 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ee682cdb Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45dd4172 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a97da529 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/en/gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/gnu-linux-fingerprint.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/gnu-linux-fingerprint.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bcac6074 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/gnu-linux-fingerprint.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/size-cmp-hp-fw.jpg b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/size-cmp-hp-fw.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..985cd9cd Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/size-cmp-hp-fw.jpg differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/size-cmp.jpg b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/size-cmp.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f5d9f502 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/size-cmp.jpg differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/unbox.jpg b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/unbox.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..095287b3 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/unbox.jpg differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/framework-homepage.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/framework-homepage.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..23c48c33 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/framework-homepage.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c3352266 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-1.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3210bbf Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-2.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..afc3a5f0 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-3.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..00d4f4be Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/gta-v-gfx-settings-4.png differ diff --git a/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/marketplace-barebone-system.png b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/marketplace-barebone-system.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..54cc0718 Binary files /dev/null and b/static/img/posts/2024-06-13-framework-laptop-13-ryzen-7840u/zh/marketplace-barebone-system.png differ