When creating a web page, you add tags (known as markup) to the contents of the page. These tags provide extra meaning and allow browsers to show users the appropriate structure for the page.
- Structural markup: the elements that you can use to describe both headings and paragraphs.
- Semantic markup: which provides extra information; such
as where emphasis is placed in a sentence, that something
you have written is a quotation (
and who said it), the meaning of acronyms.
Browsers display the contents of headings at different sizes. The contents of an -h1- element is the largest, and the contents of an -h6- element is the smallest. The exact size at which each browser shows the headings can vary slightly. Users can also adjust the size of text in their browser. You will see how to control the size of text, its color, and the fonts used when we come to look at CSS.
1.a paragraph consists of one or more sentences that form a self-contained unit of discourse. The start of a paragraph is indicated by a new line. 2.-p-Text is easier to understand when it is split up into units of text. For example, a book may have chapters. Chapters can have subheadings. Under each heading there will be one or more paragraphs.-/p-
By enclosing words in the tags -b-and -/b- we can make characters appear bold. The -b- element also represents a section of text that would be presented in a visually different way (for example key words in a paragraph) although the use of the -b-element does not imply any additional meaning.
-i- and -/i- we can make characters appear italic. The -i- element also represents a section of text that would be said in a different way from surrounding content — such as technical terms, names of ships, foreign words, thoughts, or other terms that would usually be italicized
HTML elements are used to describe the structure of the page (e.g. headings, subheadings, paragraphs) They also provide semantic information (e.g. where emphasis should be placed, the definition of any acronyms used, when given text is a quotation).
1.What CSS does 2.How CSS works 3.Rules, properties, and values
css : allows you to create rules that specify how the content of an element should appear. For example, you can specify that the background of the page is cream, all paragraphs should appear in gray using the Arial typeface, or that all level one headings should be in a blue, italic, Times typeface.
***- CSS treats each HTML element as if it appears inside its own box and uses rules to indicate how that element should look. Rules are made up of selectors (that specify the elements the rule applies to) and declarations (that indicate what these elements should look like).
- Different types of selectors allow you to target your rules at different elements.*** ***+ Declarations are made up of two parts: the properties of the element that you want to change, and the values of those properties. For example, the font-family property sets the choice of font, and the value arial specifies Arial as the preferred typeface. CSS rules usually appear in a separate document, although they may appear within an HTML page.
1.A script is made up of a series of statements. Each statement is like a step in a recipe. 2.Scripts contain very precise instructions. For example, you might specify that a value must be remembered before creating a calculation using that value. 3.Variables are used to temporarily store pieces of information used in the script. 4.Arrays are special types of variables that store more than one piece of related information. 5.JavaScript distinguishes between numbers (0-9), strings (text), and Boolean values (true or false). 6.Expressions evaluate into a single value. 7.Expressions rely on operators to calculate a value.
***1.Conditional statements allow your code to make decisions about what to do next. 2.Comparison operators (===, ! ==, ==, ! =, <, >, <=, =>) are used to compare two operands. 3.Logical operators allow you to combine more than one set of comparison operators. 4.if ... else statements allow you to run one set of code if a condition is true, and another if it is false. 5.switch statements allow you to compare a value against possible outcomes (and also provides a default option if none match). 6.Data types can be coerced from one type to another. All values evaluate to either truthy or falsy. There are three types of loop: for, while, and do ... while. Each repeats a set of statements.