diff --git a/app/Actions/ClearAccountDataAction.php b/app/Actions/ClearAccountDataAction.php
index b96708a738..40479fc56a 100644
--- a/app/Actions/ClearAccountDataAction.php
+++ b/app/Actions/ClearAccountDataAction.php
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ public function execute(User $user): void
         DB::statement('DELETE FROM SetRequest WHERE User = :username', ['username' => $user->User]);
         // TODO $user->badges()->delete();
         DB::statement('DELETE FROM SiteAwards WHERE User = :username', ['username' => $user->User]);
-        // TODO $user->subscriptions()->delete();
-        DB::statement('DELETE FROM Subscription WHERE UserID = :userId', ['userId' => $user->ID]);
+        $user->subscriptions()->delete();
 
         // use action to delete each participation so threads with no remaing active participants get cleaned up
         $deleteMessageThreadAction = new DeleteMessageThreadAction();
diff --git a/app/Community/Concerns/ActsAsCommunityMember.php b/app/Community/Concerns/ActsAsCommunityMember.php
index 3ce1d4133b..6c4d889e7c 100644
--- a/app/Community/Concerns/ActsAsCommunityMember.php
+++ b/app/Community/Concerns/ActsAsCommunityMember.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use App\Community\Enums\UserRelationship;
 use App\Models\ForumTopicComment;
 use App\Models\MessageThreadParticipant;
+use App\Models\Subscription;
 use App\Models\User;
 use App\Models\UserActivity;
 use App\Models\UserComment;
@@ -124,4 +125,12 @@ public function forumPosts(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(ForumTopicComment::class, 'AuthorID', 'ID');
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return HasMany<Subscription>
+     */
+    public function subscriptions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(Subscription::class, 'user_id', 'ID');
+    }
 }
diff --git a/app/Helpers/database/subscription.php b/app/Helpers/database/subscription.php
index 0fce6cc6c1..d0db7ecfa1 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/database/subscription.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/database/subscription.php
@@ -1,29 +1,32 @@
 <?php
 
 use App\Community\Enums\SubscriptionSubjectType;
+use App\Models\Subscription;
 
 /**
  * Update a subscription, i.e, either subscribe or unsubscribe a given user to or from a subject.
  *
  * @param bool $state whether the user is to be subscribed (true) or unsubscribed (false)
  */
-function updateSubscription(string $subjectType, int $subjectID, int $userID, bool $state): bool
+function updateSubscription(string $subjectType, int $subjectId, int $userId, bool $state): bool
 {
-    sanitize_sql_inputs($subjectType);
-    $state = (int) $state;
-
-    $query = "
-        INSERT INTO Subscription(SubjectType, SubjectID, UserID, State)
-        VALUES ('$subjectType', $subjectID, $userID, '$state')
-        ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE State = '$state'
-    ";
-
-    $dbResult = s_mysql_query($query);
+    Subscription::updateOrCreate(
+        [
+            'subject_type' => $subjectType,
+            'subject_id' => $subjectId,
+            'user_id' => $userId,
+        ],
+        [
+            'state' => $state,
+        ]
+    );
 
-    return (bool) $dbResult;
+    return true;
 }
 
 /**
+ * @deprecated $implicitSubscriptionQry considered harmful. Use Eloquent ORM.
+ *
  * Checks whether a given user is subscribed to a subject, whether implicitly or explicitly.
  *
  * @param string|null $implicitSubscriptionQry optional sql query capable of identifying the existence of an implicit
@@ -39,12 +42,12 @@ function isUserSubscribedTo(string $subjectType, int $subjectID, int $userID, ?s
     if ($implicitSubscriptionQry === null) {
         $query = "
             SELECT 1
-            FROM Subscription
+            FROM subscriptions
             WHERE
-              SubjectType = '$subjectType'
-              AND SubjectID = $subjectID
-              AND UserID = $userID
-              AND State = 1
+              subject_type = '$subjectType'
+              AND subject_id = $subjectID
+              AND user_id = $userID
+              AND state = 1
         ";
     } else {
         // either there's an explicit subscription...
@@ -53,16 +56,16 @@ function isUserSubscribedTo(string $subjectType, int $subjectID, int $userID, ?s
         // subscription to the subject (must be usable inside an EXISTS clause)
         $query = "
             SELECT 1
-            FROM Subscription
+            FROM subscriptions
             WHERE
               EXISTS (
                 SELECT 1
-                FROM Subscription
+                FROM subscriptions
                 WHERE
-                  SubjectType = '$subjectType'
-                  AND SubjectID = $subjectID
-                  AND UserID = $userID
-                  AND State = 1
+                  subject_type = '$subjectType'
+                  AND subject_id = $subjectID
+                  AND user_id = $userID
+                  AND state = 1
               )
               OR (
                   EXISTS (
@@ -70,12 +73,12 @@ function isUserSubscribedTo(string $subjectType, int $subjectID, int $userID, ?s
                   )
                   AND NOT EXISTS (
                     SELECT 1
-                    FROM Subscription
+                    FROM subscriptions
                     WHERE
-                      SubjectType = '$subjectType'
-                      AND SubjectID = $subjectID
-                      AND UserID = $userID
-                      AND State = 0
+                      subject_type = '$subjectType'
+                      AND subject_id = $subjectID
+                      AND user_id = $userID
+                      AND state = 0
                   )
               )
         ";
@@ -93,6 +96,8 @@ function isUserSubscribedTo(string $subjectType, int $subjectID, int $userID, ?s
 }
 
 /**
+ * @deprecated $implicitSubscriptionQry considered harmful. Use Eloquent ORM.
+ *
  * Retrieves the list of users that are subscribed to a given subject either implicitly or explicitly.
  *
  * @param ?int $reqWebsitePrefs optional required website preferences for a user to be considered a subscriber
@@ -112,13 +117,13 @@ function getSubscribersOf(string $subjectType, int $subjectID, ?int $reqWebsiteP
           _ua.User,
           _ua.EmailAddress
         FROM
-          Subscription AS _sub
+          subscriptions AS _sub
           INNER JOIN UserAccounts AS _ua
-              ON _ua.ID = _sub.UserID
+              ON _ua.ID = _sub.user_id
         WHERE
-          _sub.SubjectType = '$subjectType'
-          AND _sub.SubjectID = $subjectID
-          AND _sub.State = 1
+          _sub.subject_type = '$subjectType'
+          AND _sub.subject_id = $subjectID
+          AND _sub.state = 1
           $websitePrefsFilter
     ";
 
@@ -133,12 +138,12 @@ function getSubscribersOf(string $subjectType, int $subjectID, ?int $reqWebsiteP
             (
               $implicitSubscriptionQry
             ) as _ua
-            LEFT JOIN Subscription AS _sub
-                ON (_sub.SubjectType = '$subjectType'
-                    AND _sub.SubjectID = $subjectID
-                    AND _sub.UserID = _ua.ID)
+            LEFT JOIN subscriptions AS _sub
+                ON (_sub.subject_type = '$subjectType'
+                    AND _sub.subject_id = $subjectID
+                    AND _sub.user_id = _ua.ID)
             WHERE
-              COALESCE(_sub.State, 1) = 1
+              COALESCE(_sub.state, 1) = 1
               $websitePrefsFilter
           UNION
           $explicitSubscriptionQry
diff --git a/app/Models/Subscription.php b/app/Models/Subscription.php
index ede2418e27..6d11e0671d 100644
--- a/app/Models/Subscription.php
+++ b/app/Models/Subscription.php
@@ -5,12 +5,36 @@
 namespace App\Models;
 
 use App\Support\Database\Eloquent\BaseModel;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 class Subscription extends BaseModel
 {
-    // TODO rename Subscription to subscriptions
-    protected $table = 'Subscription';
+    protected $table = 'subscriptions';
 
-    public const CREATED_AT = 'Created';
-    public const UPDATED_AT = 'Updated';
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'subject_type',
+        'subject_id',
+        'user_id',
+        'state',
+    ];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'state' => 'boolean',
+    ];
+
+    // == accessors
+
+    // == mutators
+
+    // == relations
+
+    /**
+     * @return BelongsTo<User, Subscription>
+     */
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'user_id', 'ID');
+    }
+
+    // == scopes
 }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2012_10_03_133633_create_base_tables.php b/database/migrations/2012_10_03_133633_create_base_tables.php
index 295d09e9d9..028ff7cfa7 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2012_10_03_133633_create_base_tables.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2012_10_03_133633_create_base_tables.php
@@ -633,6 +633,7 @@ public function up(): void
 
         if (!Schema::hasTable('Subscription')) {
             Schema::create('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+                $table->bigIncrements('id');
                 $table->enum('SubjectType', [
                     'ForumTopic',
                     'UserWall',
@@ -645,7 +646,7 @@ public function up(): void
                 $table->unsignedInteger('UserID');
                 $table->unsignedTinyInteger('State')->comment('Whether UserID is subscribed (1) or unsubscribed (0)');
 
-                $table->primary(['SubjectType', 'SubjectID', 'UserID']);
+                $table->unique(['SubjectType', 'SubjectID', 'UserID']);
             });
         }
 
diff --git a/database/migrations/platform/2024_03_17_000000_update_subscription_table.php b/database/migrations/platform/2024_03_17_000000_update_subscription_table.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a1ed9a37b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/platform/2024_03_17_000000_update_subscription_table.php
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class() extends Migration {
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        // [1] Create `id` column as the new primary key.
+        // SQLite doesn't let us change a primary key after the initial migration.
+        /** @see 2012_10_03_133633_create_base_tables.php */
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            if (DB::connection()->getDriverName() !== 'sqlite') {
+                $table->dropPrimary(['SubjectType', 'SubjectID', 'UserID']);
+            }
+        });
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            if (DB::connection()->getDriverName() !== 'sqlite') {
+                $table->bigIncrements('id')->first();
+            }
+        });
+
+        // [2] Rename columns to align with Laravel conventions.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->renameColumn('SubjectType', 'subject_type');
+        });
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->renameColumn('SubjectID', 'subject_id');
+        });
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->renameColumn('UserID', 'user_id');
+        });
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->renameColumn('State', 'state');
+        });
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->renameColumn('Created', 'created_at');
+        });
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->renameColumn('Updated', 'updated_at');
+        });
+
+        // [3] Change the datatype of `user_id` to match `UserAccounts.ID`.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id')->change();
+        });
+
+        // [4] Enforce a unique constraint on type, subject_id, and user_id combos.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->unique(['subject_type', 'subject_id', 'user_id']);
+        });
+
+        // [5] Add a foreign key to UserAccounts.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('ID')->on('UserAccounts')->onDelete('cascade');
+        });
+
+        // [6] Rename the table from `Subscription` to `subscriptions`.
+        Schema::rename('Subscription', 'subscriptions');
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        // [6] Rename the table from `Subscription` to `subscriptions`.
+        Schema::rename('subscriptions', 'Subscription');
+
+        // [5] Add a foreign key to UserAccounts.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropForeign(['user_id']);
+        });
+
+        // [4] Enforce a unique constraint on type, subject_id, and user_id combos.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropUnique(['subject_type', 'subject_id', 'user_id']);
+        });
+
+        // [3] Change the datatype of `user_id` to match `UserAccounts.ID`.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->unsignedInteger('user_id')->change();
+        });
+
+        // [2] Rename columns to align with Laravel conventions.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->renameColumn('subject_type', 'SubjectType');
+            $table->renameColumn('subject_id', 'SubjectID');
+            $table->renameColumn('user_id', 'UserID');
+            $table->renameColumn('state', 'State');
+            $table->renameColumn('created_at', 'Created');
+            $table->renameColumn('updated_at', 'Updated');
+        });
+
+        // [1] Create `id` column as the new primary key.
+        Schema::table('Subscription', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropColumn('id');
+
+            $table->primary(['SubjectType', 'SubjectID', 'UserID']);
+        });
+    }
+};