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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="home" href="http://developer.apple.com/">
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<script language="JavaScript" src="../../documentation/js/adc.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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<title>NetworkAuthentication - /demoserver.c</title>
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<a href="http://developer.apple.com/">ADC Home</a> > <a href="../../referencelibrary/index.html">Reference Library</a> > <a href="../../samplecode/index.html">Sample Code</a> > <a href="../../samplecode/Darwin/index.html">Darwin</a> > <a href="../../samplecode/Darwin/idxNetworking-date.html">Networking</a> > <A HREF="javascript:location.replace('index.html');">NetworkAuthentication</A> >
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<td><h1><div id="pagehead">NetworkAuthentication</div></h1></td>
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<h2>/demoserver.c</h2>
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<p><strong>View Source Code:</strong>
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<option value="listing1.html">/CRAMMD5helper.c</option>
<option value="listing2.html">/CRAMMD5helper.h</option>
<option value="listing3.html">/democlient.c</option>
<option value="listing4.html">/demoserver.c</option>
<option value="listing5.html">/DSUtility.c</option>
<option value="listing6.html">/DSUtility.h</option>
<option value="listing7.html">/GSSauthenticate.c</option>
<option value="listing8.html">/GSSauthenticate.h</option>
<option value="listing9.html">/lookupuser.c</option>
<option value="listing10.html">/NetworkHelper.c</option>
<option value="listing11.html">/NetworkHelper.h</option>
<option value="listing12.html">/README.txt</option></select>
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<p><strong><a href="NetworkAuthentication.zip">Download Sample</a></strong> (“NetworkAuthentication.zip”, 60.3K)<BR>
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<!--googleon: index -->
<pre class="sourcecodebox">/*
File: demoserver.c
Abstract: Demonstration of various authentication from a server perspective
Version: <1.0>
Disclaimer: IMPORTANT: This Apple software is supplied to you by Apple
Computer, Inc. ("Apple") in consideration of your agreement to the
following terms, and your use, installation, modification or
redistribution of this Apple software constitutes acceptance of these
terms. If you do not agree with these terms, please do not use,
install, modify or redistribute this Apple software.
In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and
subject to these terms, Apple grants you a personal, non-exclusive
license, under Apple's copyrights in this original Apple software (the
"Apple Software"), to use, reproduce, modify and redistribute the Apple
Software, with or without modifications, in source and/or binary forms;
provided that if you redistribute the Apple Software in its entirety and
without modifications, you must retain this notice and the following
text and disclaimers in all such redistributions of the Apple Software.
Neither the name, trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple Computer,
Inc. may be used to endorse or promote products derived from the Apple
Software without specific prior written permission from Apple. Except
as expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express
or implied, are granted by Apple herein, including but not limited to
any patent rights that may be infringed by your derivative works or by
other works in which the Apple Software may be incorporated.
The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis. APPLE
MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND
OPERATION ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS.
IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION,
MODIFICATION AND/OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED
AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE),
STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Copyright © 2005 Apple Computer, Inc., All Rights Reserved
*/
#include <Kerberos/Kerberos.h>
#include <DirectoryService/DirectoryService.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include "GSSauthenticate.h"
#include "NetworkHelper.h"
#include "DSUtility.h"
#pragma mark Prototypes
int AuthCleartext( char *inUsername, char *inPassword );
int AuthCRAMMD5( char *inUsername, char *inChallenge, char *inResponse );
int AuthGSSAPI( int inSocket );
int HandleNewConnection( int inSocket );
int HandleCleartext( int inSocket );
int HandleCRAMMD5( int inSocket );
char *FindUserFromPrincipal( char *inPrincipal );
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Authentication Routines
int AuthCleartext( char *inUsername, char *inPassword )
{
tDirReference dsRef = 0;
tDirNodeReference dsSearchNodeRef = 0;
tDirNodeReference dsUserNodeRef = 0;
tDirStatus dsStatus;
char *pRecordName = NULL;
char *pNodeName = NULL;
// Key steps to Authenticating a user:
// - First locate the user in the directory
// - Open Directory Service reference
// - Locate and open the Search Node
// - Locate the user's official RecordName and Directory Node based on the username provided
// - Then use authentication appropriate for the type of method
// Open Directory Services reference
dsStatus = dsOpenDirService( &dsRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// use utility function in DSUtility.h to open the search node
dsStatus = OpenSearchNode( dsRef, &dsSearchNodeRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// use utility function in DSUtility.h to locate the user information
dsStatus = LocateUserRecordNameAndNode( dsRef, dsSearchNodeRef, inUsername, &pRecordName, &pNodeName );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// we should have values available, but let's check to be sure
if( pNodeName != NULL && pNodeName[0] != '\0' &&
pRecordName != NULL && pRecordName[0] != '\0' )
{
// need to create a tDataListPtr from the "/plugin/node" path, using "/" as the separator
tDataListPtr dsUserNodePath = dsBuildFromPath( dsRef, pNodeName, "/" );
dsStatus = dsOpenDirNode( dsRef, dsUserNodePath, &dsUserNodeRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// Use our Utility routine to do the authentication
dsStatus = DoPasswordAuth( dsRef, dsUserNodeRef, kDSStdAuthNodeNativeClearTextOK,
pRecordName, inPassword );
// Determine if successful. There are cases where you may receive other errors
// such as eDSAuthPasswordExpired.
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
printf( "Successful: Authentication successful for user '%s'\n", pRecordName );
} else {
printf( "Failure: Authentication for user '%s' - %d\n", pRecordName, dsStatus );
}
}
// free the data list as it is no longer needed
dsDataListDeallocate( dsRef, dsUserNodePath );
free( dsUserNodePath );
dsUserNodePath = NULL;
}
// need to free any node name that may have been returned
if( pNodeName != NULL ) {
free( pNodeName );
pNodeName = NULL;
}
// need to free any record name that may have been returned
if( pRecordName != NULL ) {
free( pRecordName );
pRecordName = NULL;
}
}
// close the search node cause we are done here
dsCloseDirNode( dsSearchNodeRef );
dsSearchNodeRef = 0;
} else {
printf( "Unable to locate and open the Search node\n" );
return 1;
}
// need to close Directory Services at this point
dsCloseDirService( dsRef );
dsRef = 0;
}
return dsStatus;
}
int AuthCRAMMD5( char *inUsername, char *inChallenge, char *inResponse )
{
tDirReference dsRef = 0;
tDirNodeReference dsSearchNodeRef = 0;
tDirNodeReference dsUserNodeRef = 0;
tDirStatus dsStatus;
char *pRecordName = NULL;
char *pNodeName = NULL;
// Key steps to Authenticating a user:
// - First locate the user in the directory
// - Open Directory Service reference
// - Locate and open the Search Node
// - Locate the user's official RecordName and Directory Node based on the username provided
// - Then use authentication appropriate for the type of method
// Open Directory Services reference
dsStatus = dsOpenDirService( &dsRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// use utility function to open the search node
dsStatus = OpenSearchNode( dsRef, &dsSearchNodeRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// use utility function to locate the user information
dsStatus = LocateUserRecordNameAndNode( dsRef, dsSearchNodeRef, inUsername, &pRecordName, &pNodeName );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// we should have values available, but let's check to be sure
if( pNodeName != NULL && pNodeName[0] != '\0' &&
pRecordName != NULL && pRecordName[0] != '\0' )
{
// need to create a tDataListPtr from the "/plugin/node" path, using "/" as the separator
tDataListPtr dsUserNodePath = dsBuildFromPath( dsRef, pNodeName, "/" );
// attempt to open the node provided
dsStatus = dsOpenDirNode( dsRef, dsUserNodePath, &dsUserNodeRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// Here is the Utility function that will do the authentication for us
dsStatus = DoChallengeResponseAuth( dsRef, dsUserNodeRef, kDSStdAuthCRAM_MD5, pRecordName,
inChallenge, strlen(inChallenge),
inResponse, strlen(inResponse) );
// Determine if successful. There are cases where you may receive other errors
// such as eDSAuthPasswordExpired.
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
printf( "Successful: CRAM-MD5 Authentication successful for user '%s'\n", pRecordName );
} else {
printf( "Failure: CRAM-MD5 Authentication for user '%s' - %d\n", pRecordName, dsStatus );
}
}
// free the data list as it is no longer needed
dsDataListDeallocate( dsRef, dsUserNodePath );
free( dsUserNodePath );
dsUserNodePath = NULL;
}
// need to free any node name that may have been returned
if( pNodeName != NULL ) {
free( pNodeName );
pNodeName = NULL;
}
// need to free any record name that may have been returned
if( pRecordName != NULL ) {
free( pRecordName );
pRecordName = NULL;
}
}
// close the search node cause we are done here
dsCloseDirNode( dsSearchNodeRef );
dsSearchNodeRef = 0;
} else {
printf( "Unable to locate and open the Search node\n" );
return 1;
}
// need to close Directory Services at this point
dsCloseDirService( dsRef );
dsRef = 0;
}
return dsStatus;
}
int AuthGSSAPI( int inSocket )
{
char *pRecvToken = NULL;
int iRecvTokenLen = 0;
char *pSendToken = NULL;
int iSendTokenLen = 0;
char *pUserPrinc = NULL;
char *pServiceName = NULL;
gss_ctx_id_t gssContext = GSS_C_NO_CONTEXT;
gss_cred_id_t gssCreds = GSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL;
OM_uint32 iResult = GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_CREDENTIAL;
OM_uint32 iMinorStatus;
// Key steps to authenticating a user with GSSAPI:
//
// GSSAPI is a request-response loop until finished. For every token received
// there may is a token sent back. This loop is done until an error occurs or
// we recieve a GSS_S_COMPLETE. All tokens generated must be sent back to
// complete the process.
// After successfully verifying the GSSAPI succeeded, we need to also verify
// the user is a valid user on the system. GSSAPI validates the user's credentials
// not whether or not the user is allowed on this system.
do {
// read token data from the socket
iRecvTokenLen = ReadToken( inSocket, &pRecvToken );
printf( "Received a token with length of %d\n", iRecvTokenLen );
if( iRecvTokenLen > 0 ) {
// let's read and write data sending to and from the GSSauthenticate
iResult = AuthenticateGSS( pRecvToken, iRecvTokenLen, &pSendToken, &iSendTokenLen,
&pServiceName, &pUserPrinc, &gssContext, &gssCreds );
}
// if we have a token to send, let's send it to the client
if( iSendTokenLen != 0 ) {
printf( "Sending a token length of %d\n", iSendTokenLen );
int iSent = SendToken(inSocket, pSendToken, iSendTokenLen);
if( iSent == -1 || iSent != iSendTokenLen ) {
// we had a problem, set failure state
printf( "Failed to send packet.. bailing\n" );
iResult = GSS_S_FAILURE;
}
}
// free up our token if we have one
if( pRecvToken != NULL ) {
free( pRecvToken );
pRecvToken = NULL;
}
// free up our send token if we have one
if( pSendToken != NULL ) {
free( pSendToken );
pSendToken = NULL;
}
} while( iResult == GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED );
printf( "\n" ); // just print a line feed for visuals
// if we completed successfully print out the userPrincipal if we had one
if( iResult == GSS_S_COMPLETE && pUserPrinc != NULL && pServiceName != NULL ) {
char *pRecordName;
printf( "Success: Valid credentials provided by '%s' service '%s'\n", pUserPrinc, pServiceName );
// here you would compare the service to ensure it was the service you expected
// if( strcasecmp( pServiceName, #expected service#) == 0 ) {
//
// }
if( pRecordName = FindUserFromPrincipal( pUserPrinc ) ) {
printf( "Success: Found a user record for user - %s\n", pRecordName );
// send a response
SendToken( inSocket, "Accepted", sizeof("Accepted") );
// need to free pRecordName cause it is returned
free( pRecordName );
pRecordName = NULL;
} else {
// send response
SendToken( inSocket, "Rejected", sizeof("Rejected") );
printf( "Failure: No matching user record found for user\n" );
}
} else {
if( pUserPrinc != NULL ) {
printf( "Error: Unable to authenticate user %s\n", pUserPrinc );
}
if( pServiceName != NULL ) {
printf( "Error: Unable to verify service %s\n", pServiceName );
}
}
// clean up any context
if( gssContext != GSS_C_NO_CONTEXT ) {
gss_delete_sec_context( &iMinorStatus, gssContext, GSS_C_NO_BUFFER );
gssContext = GSS_C_NO_CONTEXT;
}
// clean up any credentials
if( gssCreds != GSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL ) {
gss_release_cred( &iMinorStatus, &gssCreds );
gssCreds = GSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL;
}
return 0;
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Connection Negotiation
int HandleNewConnection( int inSocket )
{
char *pRecvToken = NULL;
int iRecvTokenLen = 0;
int iResult = -1;
// use ReadToken to get the first packet to identify the type of authentication
iRecvTokenLen = ReadToken( inSocket, &pRecvToken );
if( pRecvToken != NULL ) {
if( strcasecmp(pRecvToken, "GSSAPI") == 0 ) {
printf( "Attempt to authenticate with method GSSAPI received\n" );
iResult = AuthGSSAPI( inSocket );
} else if( strcasecmp(pRecvToken, "CRAM-MD5") == 0 ) {
printf( "Attempt to authenticate with method CRAM-MD5 received\n" );
iResult = HandleCRAMMD5( inSocket );
} else if( strcasecmp(pRecvToken, "cleartext") == 0 ) {
printf( "Attempt to authenticate with method cleartext received\n" );
iResult = HandleCleartext( inSocket );
} else {
printf( "Unknown method received for authentication\n" );
}
// just print a blank line
printf( "\n" );
// free our token
free( pRecvToken );
pRecvToken = NULL;
}
return iResult;
}
int HandleCleartext( int inSocket )
{
char *pUsername = NULL;
char *pPassword = NULL;
char *pRecordname = NULL;
int iResult = -1;
// we will be using ReadToken and WriteToken to send data back and forth for this
// example, though not necessarily the most efficient, it is simplistic for this
// demonstration.
// we expect 2 tokens, username then password
// read the username from the network stream
if( ReadToken(inSocket, &pUsername) > 0 ) {
// read the password from the network stream
if( ReadToken(inSocket, &pPassword) > 0 ) {
iResult = AuthCleartext( pUsername, pPassword );
// send a response
if( iResult == eDSNoErr ) {
SendToken( inSocket, "Accepted", sizeof("Accepted") );
} else {
SendToken( inSocket, "Rejected", sizeof("Rejected") );
}
}
}
// free any allocated strings
if( pUsername != NULL ) {
free( pUsername );
pUsername = NULL;
}
if( pPassword != NULL ) {
free( pPassword );
pPassword = NULL;
}
if( pRecordname != NULL ) {
free( pRecordname );
pRecordname = NULL;
}
return iResult;
}
int HandleCRAMMD5( int inSocket )
{
unsigned char pChallenge[255] = { 0, };
char pHostname[128] = { 0, };
char *pResponse = NULL;
char *pUsername = NULL;
struct timeval stCurrentTime;
int iResult = -1;
// we will be using ReadToken and WriteToken to send data back and forth for this
// example, though not necessarily the most efficient, it is simplistic for this
// demonstration.
// Since CRAM-MD5 was requested, let's generate a challenge and send it to the client
// using example method in RFC 1460, page 12.
gethostname( pHostname, 127 );
gettimeofday( &stCurrentTime, NULL ); // assume no error occurred
snprintf( pChallenge, 255, "<%ld.%ld@%s>", (long) getpid(), stCurrentTime.tv_sec, pHostname );
printf( "Sending challenge %s\n", pChallenge );
// send our challenge to the client
if( SendToken(inSocket, pChallenge, strlen(pChallenge)) > 0 ) {
// now wait for username and response to return
if( ReadToken(inSocket, &pUsername) > 0 ) {
if( ReadToken(inSocket, &pResponse) > 0 ) {
// here is where we authenticate the user using Open Directory
iResult = AuthCRAMMD5( pUsername, pChallenge, pResponse );
// send a response
if( iResult == eDSNoErr ) {
SendToken( inSocket, "Accepted", sizeof("Accepted") );
} else {
SendToken( inSocket, "Rejected", sizeof("Rejected") );
}
}
}
}
// free up any strings we allocated
if( pUsername != NULL ) {
free( pUsername );
pUsername = NULL;
}
if( pResponse != NULL ) {
free( pResponse );
pResponse = NULL;
}
return iResult;
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Main Entry
// this demostration application will receive a authentication method type and some value following
// it to attempt to authenticate a user.
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
int iPort;
int iSocket;
if( argc != 2 ) {
printf( "Usage: demoserver <port #>\n" );
return 1;
}
if( geteuid() != 0 ) {
printf( "Warning: Tool must be run as EUID = 0 to use Kerberos/GSSAPI\n" );
}
// if we were relying on Kerberos for this service, we could pre-flight our
// service principal before we start the service, or just let GSSAPI determine
// at the time of connection
//
// we have opted for at time of connection, because we don't know what we
// are using uses for service principal
// let's convert the string provided for the port into a number
iPort = strtol( argv[1], NULL, 10 );
// don't allow privileged ports for this test
if( iPort < 1024 ) {
printf( "Error: Port value must be greater than 1024\n" );
}
// this demonstration code will wait for an authentication identification code
// GSSAPI
// CRAM-MD5
// cleartext
// Once method is determined, it will attempt to authenticate the user
iSocket = BindSocket( iPort );
if( iSocket > 0 ) {
// just informative
printf( "Listening on port %d\n", iPort );
// go into a loop until we are killed
while( 1 ) {
int iAccept;
// Accept a TCP connection
if( (iAccept = accept(iSocket, NULL, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Error: Couldn't accept connection");
continue;
}
// once we have a connection, go to our request-response loop
if( HandleNewConnection( iAccept ) == 0 ) {
// if we had no error we could go do something, but in this case we will
// just close the connection
close( iAccept );
iAccept = 0;
} else {
// close our socket
close( iAccept );
iAccept = 0;
}
}
// close our socket
close( iSocket );
iSocket = 0;
} else {
printf( "Error: Unable to listen on port %d\n", iPort );
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Support Functions
// helper routine to fine a user's official RecordName
//
char *FindUserFromPrincipal( char *inPrincipal )
{
// now let's parse the name and see if we can find a valid user..
tDirReference dsRef = 0;
tDirNodeReference dsSearchNodeRef = 0;
tDirStatus dsStatus;
char *pRecordName = NULL;
char *pNodeName = NULL;
char *pUsername = strdup( inPrincipal );
char *pAtSymbol = strchr( pUsername, '@' );
// need to parse just the name of the user, since principal is user@REALM
if( pAtSymbol != NULL ) {
*pAtSymbol = '\0';
}
// Open Directory Services reference
dsStatus = dsOpenDirService( &dsRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// use utility function in DSUtility.h to open the search node
dsStatus = OpenSearchNode( dsRef, &dsSearchNodeRef );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// use utility function in DSUtility.h to locate the user information
dsStatus = LocateUserRecordNameAndNode( dsRef, dsSearchNodeRef, pUsername, &pRecordName, &pNodeName );
if( dsStatus == eDSNoErr ) {
// need to free any node name that may have been returned
if( pNodeName != NULL ) {
free( pNodeName );
pNodeName = NULL;
}
}
// close the search node cause we are done here
dsCloseDirNode( dsSearchNodeRef );
dsSearchNodeRef = 0;
} else {
printf( "Unable to locate and open the Search node to verify user\n" );
}
// need to close Directory Services at this point
dsCloseDirService( dsRef );
dsRef = 0;
}
if( pUsername != NULL ) {
free( pUsername );
pUsername = NULL;
}
return pRecordName;
}
</pre>
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