Python_Interview.md

Python Interview

Core Python Knowledge

Core Python Concepts

• Data Types, Variables, Basic Operators
• Control Structures (if, for, while, etc.)
• Functions and Recursion
• Exception Handling
• Modules and Packages

Object-Oriented Programming

• Classes and Objects
• Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation
• Dunder Methods
• Class Methods, Static Methods, Property Decorators
• Metaclasses and class decorators
• Mixins and Multiple Inheritance

Python Standard Library

• Familiarity with commonly used modules (os, sys, json, datetime, etc.)

Pythonic Conventions and Best Practices

• PEP 8 guidelines
• Writing idiomatic Python (e.g., "Pythonic" ways of doing things)
• Effective use of List Comprehensions, Generator Expressions

Virtual Environments and Package Management

• venv, pip, requirements.txt
• pyenv, Poetry, Pipenv
• Managing dependencies and environment variables

Advanced Python Concepts and Techniques

Advanced Python Concepts

• Iterators and Generators
• Decorators
• Context Managers
• Comprehensions
• Closures

Regular Expressions and Text Manipulation

• Using re module for pattern matching
• String manipulation techniques

Data Structures and Algorithms

• Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
• Understanding of basic algorithms (sorting, searching)
• Complexity (Time and Space)
• Trees, Graphs, Queues, Stacks, and Heaps

Concurrency, Parallelism and Asynchronous Programming

• Threading
• Multiprocessing
• asyncio and async-await
• Synchronization mechanisms (Locks, Semaphores)

Performance Optimization

• Profiling, understanding GIL

Web Development and Networking

Basic Understanding of Web Development

• Flask, Django Basics (Routing, Templates, ORM)
• RESTful API Development and Consumption
• Parsing API responses
• Handling API authentication and authorization

Networking and Protocols

• Understanding of TCP-IP
• Working with sockets
• HTTP client and server development

Basic Knowledge of Networking and Security

• HTTP-HTTPS, REST, security best practices in Python
• Writing secure Python code
• Understanding vulnerabilities (SQL injection, XSS, etc.)

Internationalization and Localization

• Handling different languages and regions
• Working with time zones and locales

Basic Understanding of Front-End Technologies

• HTML, CSS, JavaScript (not in-depth but a basic understanding)

Database and Data Handling

Database Knowledge

• Basic SQL
• ORM usage (like SQLAlchemy or Django ORM for Python)
• ACID

Data Serialization and Deserialization

• Reading and writing files
• JSON, XML, and CSV processing
• Pickle and Marshalling

Frameworks and Libraries Specific to the Job Role

• Pandas, NumPy for data science roles
• TensorFlow, PyTorch for machine learning roles

DevOps, Cloud, and Deployment

Understanding of DevOps Tools

• Docker, CI-CD pipelines
• Basics of cloud computing (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)
• Deploying Python applications on cloud platforms

Scripting Abilities

• Writing automation scripts
• Command-line argument parsing (argparse)

Testing and Version Control

Testing in Python

• Unit Testing and Test Cases
• Understanding of test frameworks (unittest, pytest, etc.)

Version Control with Git

• Basic Git Commands and Workflow
• Understanding of branching, merging, pull requests
• Git rebase, squash, and cherry-pick
• Managing merge conflicts

Design Patterns and Software Architecture

Design Patterns and Architecture

• MVC, Singleton, Factory, etc.
• SOLID
• System Design

Understanding of Advanced Topics

• Microservices architecture, cloud services (AWS, GCP, Azure), GraphQL
• RPC and gRPC
• Method Resolution Order

Soft Skills and Problem Solving

Soft Skills and Problem-Solving Abilities

• Communication skills, teamwork, problem-solving methodologies