applications.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "672e4d4c-4050-4751-a137-e088ce414b0e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# About\n",
    "`applications` is the Notebook where we apply our knowledge of coding."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0d1a4d75-7ea8-4725-911a-08c045ac0ee1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Making Games With `tkinter`\n",
    "Just now, we made this game of _bounce_:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "8001aae3-4de2-4e6d-99a8-db06a0d7ee28",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import time\n",
    "class Ball:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.paddle = paddle\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)\n",
    "        starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "        self.x = starts[random.randrange(5)]\n",
    "        self.y = -2\n",
    "        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.hit_bottom = False\n",
    "    def hit_paddle(self, pos):\n",
    "        paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]:\n",
    "            if pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:\n",
    "                return True\n",
    "        return False\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[1] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.y = 2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.hit_bottom = True\n",
    "        if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 2\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = -2\n",
    "class Paddle:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)\n",
    "        self.x = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 0\n",
    "        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = 0    \n",
    "    def turn_left(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = -1\n",
    "    def turn_right(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = 1\n",
    "tk = Tk()\n",
    "tk.title('Game')\n",
    "tk.resizable(0, 0)\n",
    "tk.wm_attributes(\"-topmost\", 1)\n",
    "canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)\n",
    "canvas.pack()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')\n",
    "ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red')\n",
    "while ball.hit_bottom == False:\n",
    "    ball.draw()\n",
    "    paddle.draw()\n",
    "    tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "    tk.update()\n",
    "    time.sleep(0.0083333333333333)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "647ce39c-a642-4a0d-acf2-759efafdc0c2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Challenge 1: Delaying the Start of the Game"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "a477790c-5259-4ac3-8d20-72f17551a30d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import time\n",
    "class Ball:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.paddle = paddle\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)\n",
    "        starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "        self.x = starts[random.randrange(5)]\n",
    "        self.y = -2\n",
    "        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.hit_bottom = False\n",
    "    def hit_paddle(self, pos):\n",
    "        paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]:\n",
    "            if pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:\n",
    "                return True\n",
    "        return False\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[1] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.y = 2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.hit_bottom = True\n",
    "            \n",
    "        if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 2\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = -2\n",
    "class Paddle:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)\n",
    "        self.x = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 0\n",
    "        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = 0    \n",
    "    def turn_left(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = -1.3\n",
    "    def turn_right(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = 1.3\n",
    "tk = Tk()\n",
    "tk.title('Game')\n",
    "tk.resizable(0, 0)\n",
    "tk.wm_attributes(\"-topmost\", 1)\n",
    "canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)\n",
    "canvas.pack()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')\n",
    "ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red')\n",
    "\n",
    "# We add this:\n",
    "ball.draw()\n",
    "paddle.draw()\n",
    "tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "time.sleep(5)\n",
    "\n",
    "while ball.hit_bottom == False:\n",
    "    ball.draw()\n",
    "    paddle.draw()\n",
    "    tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "    tk.update()\n",
    "    time.sleep(0.0083333333333333)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c7734b3d-f60e-411c-9fec-61f467c63b3e",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "This seems to be working fine!\n",
    "### Using Bindings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "41e808e8-185f-43d6-8862-dbe99bb68a4f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TclError",
     "evalue": "can't invoke \"update\" command: application has been destroyed",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_7560/1907873907.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     82\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     83\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msleep\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0.0083333333333333\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 84\u001b[1;33m     \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate_idletasks\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     85\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     86\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msleep\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mupdate_idletasks\u001b[1;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1347\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mwill\u001b[0m \u001b[0mupdate\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthe\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdisplay\u001b[0m \u001b[0mof\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwindows\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbut\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprocess\u001b[0m \u001b[0mevents\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcaused\u001b[0m \u001b[0mby\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1348\u001b[0m         the user.\"\"\"\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1349\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'update'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'idletasks'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1350\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1351\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbindtags\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtagList\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m: can't invoke \"update\" command: application has been destroyed"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import time\n",
    "class Ball:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.paddle = paddle\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)\n",
    "        starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "        self.x = starts[random.randrange(5)]\n",
    "        self.y = -2\n",
    "        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.hit_bottom = False\n",
    "    def hit_paddle(self, pos):\n",
    "        paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]:\n",
    "            if pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:\n",
    "                return True\n",
    "        return False\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[1] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.y = 2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.hit_bottom = True\n",
    "        if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 2\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = -2\n",
    "class Paddle:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)\n",
    "        self.x = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        \n",
    "        self.started = False\n",
    "        \n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<Button-1>', self.start_game)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 0\n",
    "        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = 0    \n",
    "    def turn_left(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = -1\n",
    "    def turn_right(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = 1\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def start_game(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.started = True\n",
    "        \n",
    "tk = Tk()\n",
    "tk.title('Game')\n",
    "tk.resizable(0, 0)\n",
    "tk.wm_attributes(\"-topmost\", 1)\n",
    "canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)\n",
    "canvas.pack()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')\n",
    "ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red')\n",
    "\n",
    "while 1:\n",
    "    while ball.hit_bottom == False and paddle.started == True:\n",
    "        ball.draw()\n",
    "        paddle.draw()\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(0.0083333333333333)\n",
    "    tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "    tk.update()\n",
    "    time.sleep(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5f3e9ee9-33dd-4805-9105-51961b5997f2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Challenge 2: Game Over"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "df7079d9-a8b5-4ab9-b53a-075ff69ea5a1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TclError",
     "evalue": "invalid command name \".!canvas\"",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_7560/207111399.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     81\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     82\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msleep\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 83\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mgame_over_text\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcanvas\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcreate_text\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m250\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m200\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtext\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'GAME OVER'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     84\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate_idletasks\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     85\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mcreate_text\u001b[1;34m(self, *args, **kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2837\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcreate_text\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2838\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;34m\"\"\"Create text with coordinates x1,y1.\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2839\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_create\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'text'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2840\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2841\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcreate_window\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_create\u001b[1;34m(self, itemType, args, kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2803\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2804\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m{\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m}\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2805\u001b[1;33m         return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2806\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'create'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mitemType\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2807\u001b[0m             *(args + self._options(cnf, kw))))\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m: invalid command name \".!canvas\""
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import time\n",
    "class Ball:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.paddle = paddle\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)\n",
    "        starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "        self.x = starts[random.randrange(5)]\n",
    "        self.y = -2\n",
    "        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.hit_bottom = False\n",
    "    def hit_paddle(self, pos):\n",
    "        paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]:\n",
    "            if pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:\n",
    "                return True\n",
    "        return False\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[1] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.y = 2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.hit_bottom = True\n",
    "        if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 2\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = -2\n",
    "class Paddle:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)\n",
    "        self.x = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.started = False\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<Button-1>', self.start_game)\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 0\n",
    "        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = 0    \n",
    "    def turn_left(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = -1\n",
    "    def turn_right(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = 1\n",
    "    def start_game(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.started = True\n",
    "tk = Tk()\n",
    "tk.title('Game')\n",
    "tk.resizable(0, 0)\n",
    "tk.wm_attributes(\"-topmost\", 1)\n",
    "canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)\n",
    "canvas.pack()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')\n",
    "ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red')\n",
    "while 1:\n",
    "    while ball.hit_bottom == False and paddle.started == True:\n",
    "        ball.draw()\n",
    "        paddle.draw()\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(0.0083333333333333)\n",
    "    if paddle.started == False:\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        time.sleep(1)\n",
    "        game_over_text = canvas.create_text(250, 200, text='GAME OVER')\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "27acc837-e1a1-48b6-aa57-70e483e6e205",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This was their approach:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "5b6db7f8-a068-4ef3-9328-5cf5f08bc949",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TclError",
     "evalue": "invalid command name \".!canvas\"",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_7560/2944666869.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     71\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mwhile\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     72\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mwhile\u001b[0m \u001b[0mball\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mhit_bottom\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mFalse\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpaddle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstarted\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 73\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mball\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdraw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     74\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mpaddle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdraw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     75\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate_idletasks\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_7560/2944666869.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdraw\u001b[1;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     21\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mFalse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     22\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdraw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 23\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcanvas\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmove\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mid\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     24\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mpos\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcanvas\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcoords\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mid\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     25\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m<=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mmove\u001b[1;34m(self, *args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2947\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmove\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2948\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;34m\"\"\"Move an item TAGORID given in ARGS.\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2949\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'move'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2950\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2951\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmoveto\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtagOrId\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m''\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m''\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m: invalid command name \".!canvas\""
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import time\n",
    "class Ball:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.paddle = paddle\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)\n",
    "        starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "        self.x = starts[random.randrange(5)]\n",
    "        self.y = -2\n",
    "        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.hit_bottom = False\n",
    "    def hit_paddle(self, pos):\n",
    "        paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]:\n",
    "            if pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:\n",
    "                return True\n",
    "        return False\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[1] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.y = 2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.hit_bottom = True\n",
    "        if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 2\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = -2\n",
    "class Paddle:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)\n",
    "        self.x = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.started = False\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<Button-1>', self.start_game)\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 0\n",
    "        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = 0    \n",
    "    def turn_left(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = -1\n",
    "    def turn_right(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = 1\n",
    "    def start_game(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.started = True\n",
    "tk = Tk()\n",
    "tk.title('Game')\n",
    "tk.resizable(0, 0)\n",
    "tk.wm_attributes(\"-topmost\", 1)\n",
    "canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)\n",
    "canvas.pack()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')\n",
    "ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red')\n",
    "game_over_text = canvas.create_text(250, 200, text='GAME OVER', state='hidden')\n",
    "while 1:\n",
    "    while ball.hit_bottom == False and paddle.started == True:\n",
    "        ball.draw()\n",
    "        paddle.draw()\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(0.0083333333333333)\n",
    "    if paddle.started == False:\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        time.sleep(1)\n",
    "        canvas.itemconfig(game_over_text, state='normal')\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "423ee0b0-6e7b-4b81-9c16-9761d400cafe",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Challenge 3: Acceleration\n",
    "Make the ball inherit the speed of the paddle. (I gave up!)\n",
    "More specifically, we have to speed the ball up if it is going in the same horizontal direction when it hits the paddle and slow down if it goes in the opposite direction when hitting the ball. I gave up on this too!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "b0105f46-ef21-41e2-9589-293b4c15b209",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TclError",
     "evalue": "invalid command name \".!canvas\"",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_9864/3533640233.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     89\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     90\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msleep\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 91\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mcanvas\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mitemconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mgame_over_text\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'normal'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     92\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate_idletasks\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     93\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mitemconfigure\u001b[1;34m(self, tagOrId, cnf, **kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2930\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mthe\u001b[0m \u001b[0mallowed\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkeyword\u001b[0m \u001b[0marguments\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthe\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwithout\u001b[0m \u001b[0marguments\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2931\u001b[0m         \"\"\"\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2932\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_configure\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'itemconfigure'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtagOrId\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2933\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2934\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mitemconfig\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mitemconfigure\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_configure\u001b[1;34m(self, cmd, cnf, kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1663\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1664\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getconfigure1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_flatten\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcmd\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'-'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1665\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_flatten\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcmd\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_options\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1666\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;31m# These used to be defined in Widget:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1667\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m: invalid command name \".!canvas\""
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import time\n",
    "class Ball:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.paddle = paddle\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)\n",
    "        starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "        self.x = starts[random.randrange(5)]\n",
    "        self.y = -2\n",
    "        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.hit_bottom = False\n",
    "        \n",
    "    # I simplified this function:\n",
    "    def hit_paddle(self, pos):\n",
    "        paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2] and pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:\n",
    "\n",
    "            # I add this:\n",
    "            self.x += self.paddle.x\n",
    "            \n",
    "            return True\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            return False\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[1] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.y = 2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.hit_bottom = True\n",
    "        if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 2\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = -2\n",
    "class Paddle:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)\n",
    "        self.x = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.started = False\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<Button-1>', self.start_game)\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 0\n",
    "        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = 0    \n",
    "    def turn_left(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = -1\n",
    "    def turn_right(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = 1\n",
    "    def start_game(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.started = True\n",
    "tk = Tk()\n",
    "tk.title('Game')\n",
    "tk.resizable(0, 0)\n",
    "tk.wm_attributes(\"-topmost\", 1)\n",
    "canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)\n",
    "canvas.pack()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')\n",
    "ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red')\n",
    "game_over_text = canvas.create_text(250, 200, text='GAME OVER', state='hidden')\n",
    "while 1:\n",
    "    while ball.hit_bottom == False and paddle.started == True:\n",
    "        ball.draw()\n",
    "        paddle.draw()\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(0.0083333333333333)\n",
    "    if paddle.started == False:\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        time.sleep(1)\n",
    "        canvas.itemconfig(game_over_text, state='normal')\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "73437afe-3f20-4f19-b456-90278e33b1dd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This was genius. By adding the speed of the paddle (horizontally), the ball gains another pixel per 0.0083 (Vinculum) seconds.\n",
    "\n",
    "## Challenge 4: Score!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "f22429ea-ef93-40da-ad03-5b5cfd561089",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TclError",
     "evalue": "invalid command name \".!canvas\"",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_4928/957719289.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    107\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    108\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msleep\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 109\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mcanvas\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mitemconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mgame_over_text\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'normal'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    110\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate_idletasks\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    111\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mupdate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mitemconfigure\u001b[1;34m(self, tagOrId, cnf, **kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2930\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mthe\u001b[0m \u001b[0mallowed\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkeyword\u001b[0m \u001b[0marguments\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthe\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwithout\u001b[0m \u001b[0marguments\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2931\u001b[0m         \"\"\"\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2932\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_configure\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'itemconfigure'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtagOrId\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkw\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2933\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2934\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mitemconfig\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mitemconfigure\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.240.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\\lib\\tkinter\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_configure\u001b[1;34m(self, cmd, cnf, kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1663\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1664\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getconfigure1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_flatten\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcmd\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'-'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1665\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_flatten\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcmd\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_options\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcnf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1666\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;31m# These used to be defined in Widget:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1667\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTclError\u001b[0m: invalid command name \".!canvas\""
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from tkinter import *\n",
    "import random\n",
    "import time\n",
    "class Ball:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # We alter this a bit:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, score, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.paddle = paddle\n",
    "        self.score = score\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)\n",
    "        starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]\n",
    "        self.x = starts[random.randrange(5)]\n",
    "        self.y = -2\n",
    "        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.hit_bottom = False\n",
    "    def hit_paddle(self, pos):\n",
    "        paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2] and pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:\n",
    "            self.x += self.paddle.x\n",
    "            \n",
    "            # Add this:\n",
    "            self.score.hit()\n",
    "            \n",
    "            return True\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            return False\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[1] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.y = 2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:\n",
    "            self.hit_bottom = True\n",
    "        if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:\n",
    "            self.y = -2\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 2\n",
    "        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = -2\n",
    "class Paddle:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)\n",
    "        self.x = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()\n",
    "        self.started = False\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)\n",
    "        self.canvas.bind_all('<Button-1>', self.start_game)\n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)\n",
    "        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)\n",
    "        if pos[0] <= 0:\n",
    "            self.x = 0\n",
    "        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:\n",
    "            self.x = 0    \n",
    "    def turn_left(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = -1\n",
    "    def turn_right(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.x = 1\n",
    "    def start_game(self, evt):\n",
    "        self.started = True\n",
    "        \n",
    "# We add this:\n",
    "class Score:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, canvas, color):\n",
    "        self.score = 0\n",
    "        self.canvas = canvas\n",
    "        self.id = canvas.create_text(450, 10, text=self.score, fill=color)\n",
    "    def hit(self):\n",
    "        self.score += 1\n",
    "        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.id, text = self.score)\n",
    "\n",
    "tk = Tk()\n",
    "tk.title('Game')\n",
    "tk.resizable(0, 0)\n",
    "tk.wm_attributes(\"-topmost\", 1)\n",
    "canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)\n",
    "canvas.pack()\n",
    "tk.update()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Add this line:\n",
    "score = Score(canvas, 'green')\n",
    "paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Alter this:\n",
    "ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, score, 'red')\n",
    "\n",
    "game_over_text = canvas.create_text(250, 200, text='GAME OVER', state='hidden')\n",
    "while 1:\n",
    "    while ball.hit_bottom == False and paddle.started == True:\n",
    "        ball.draw()\n",
    "        paddle.draw()\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(0.0083333333333333)\n",
    "    if paddle.started == False:\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        time.sleep(1)\n",
    "        canvas.itemconfig(game_over_text, state='normal')\n",
    "        tk.update_idletasks()\n",
    "        tk.update()\n",
    "        time.sleep(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "fcb33697-4f5e-444f-8426-de59977eae79",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## Our Own Challenge: Restart\n",
    "We will be working on this after coding the amazing Mr Stick Man Game!"
   ]
  }
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