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T1543.002.md

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T1543.002 - Systemd Service

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may create or modify systemd services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. The systemd service manager is commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014)(Citation: Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018) Systemd is the default initialization (init) system on many Linux distributions starting with Debian 8, Ubuntu 15.04, CentOS 7, RHEL 7, Fedora 15, and replaces legacy init systems including SysVinit and Upstart while remaining backwards compatible with the aforementioned init systems.

Systemd utilizes configuration files known as service units to control how services boot and under what conditions. By default, these unit files are stored in the /etc/systemd/system and /usr/lib/systemd/system directories and have the file extension .service. Each service unit file may contain numerous directives that can execute system commands:

  • ExecStart, ExecStartPre, and ExecStartPost directives cover execution of commands when a services is started manually by 'systemctl' or on system start if the service is set to automatically start.
  • ExecReload directive covers when a service restarts.
  • ExecStop and ExecStopPost directives cover when a service is stopped or manually by 'systemctl'.

Adversaries have used systemd functionality to establish persistent access to victim systems by creating and/or modifying service unit files that cause systemd to execute malicious commands at recurring intervals, such as at system boot.(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019)(Citation: gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018)(Citation: Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018)(Citation: acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018)

While adversaries typically require root privileges to create/modify service unit files in the /etc/systemd/system and /usr/lib/systemd/system directories, low privilege users can create/modify service unit files in directories such as ~/.config/systemd/user/ to achieve user-level persistence.(Citation: Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016)

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Create Systemd Service

This test creates a Systemd service unit file and enables it as a service.

Supported Platforms: Linux

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
systemd_service_path Path to systemd service unit file Path /etc/systemd/system
systemd_service_file File name of systemd service unit file String art-systemd-service.service
execstoppost_action ExecStopPost action for Systemd service String /bin/touch /tmp/art-systemd-execstoppost-marker
execreload_action ExecReload action for Systemd service String /bin/touch /tmp/art-systemd-execreload-marker
execstart_action ExecStart action for Systemd service String /bin/touch /tmp/art-systemd-execstart-marker
execstop_action ExecStop action for Systemd service String /bin/touch /tmp/art-systemd-execstop-marker
execstartpre_action ExecStartPre action for Systemd service String /bin/touch /tmp/art-systemd-execstartpre-marker
execstartpost_action ExecStartPost action for Systemd service String /bin/touch /tmp/art-systemd-execstartpost-marker

Attack Commands: Run with bash!

echo "[Unit]" > #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "Description=Atomic Red Team Systemd Service" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "[Service]" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "Type=simple"
echo "ExecStart=#{execstart_action}" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "ExecStartPre=#{execstartpre_action}" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "ExecStartPost=#{execstartpost_action}" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "ExecReload=#{execreload_action}" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "ExecStop=#{execstop_action}" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "ExecStopPost=#{execstoppost_action}" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "[Install]" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
echo "WantedBy=default.target" >> #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable #{systemd_service_file}
systemctl start #{systemd_service_file}

Cleanup Commands:

systemctl stop #{systemd_service_file}
systemctl disable #{systemd_service_file}
rm -rf #{systemd_service_path}/#{systemd_service_file}
systemctl daemon-reload