Armbian

ARMBIAN

Mozilla Webthings is a platform for controling devices, the original goal was to provide a solution for users to manage a smart home on their own control.

Since couple of years ago, cloud opperated devices showed some limitations regarding reliability or privacy. Personnally I consider that revelling user's data is a problem that everyone should consider, actually in Europe regulation is also promoting "Privacy By design" architecture.

This mozilla IoT project is a good demonstration about how a service could look same to user but is opperated totally differently than what you'll find on the IoT market.

The principe is simple, all home devices are connected to the home network, and data just stays in, nothing is going out of sight.

Without getting too depth in details, there are many IoT standards today, one of them are results of "Web of Things" working group (WoT).

W3C the origanization in charge of standardization of the world wide web, is also commited to address some IoT uses cases using existing web technologies.

While some decribed WoT as the HTML for IoT, think that WoT protocols are mostly for computers than humans, technically we are talking about REST API and JSON Schemas for semantics.

The webthing implementation of WoT principiles is done at different levels;

• Native Webthings devices speaks WebThings on HTTP
• WebThings gateway can control them
• WebThings gateway's addon can translate non webthing devices or services to WebThing API.

Today we will cover how can Odroid-Xu4 can be a good board for hosting WebThing gateway software which was originaly developed on reference target Raspberry Pi.

https://hacks.mozilla.org/files/2019/04/mozilla_webthings_wordmark-500x168.png

SETUP

disk='/dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic-_USB3.0_CRW_-0_000000021716-0:0' # TODO

release="Armbian_20.02.1_Odroidxu4_buster_current_5.4.19_minimal"
url="https://dl.armbian.com/odroidxu4/archive/${release}.7z"

sudo sync
time curl -O "$url" # 3sec 155313070c
time 7z e -so "$release.7z" "$release.img" | sudo dd bs=4MB of="$disk"
# 562036736 bytes (562 MB, 536 MiB) copied, 142.735 s, 3.9 MB/s 

BOOTING ODROID

U-Boot 2017.05-armbian (Feb 17 2020 - 07:52:44 +0100) for ODROID-XU4

CPU:   Exynos5422 @ 800 MHz
Model: Odroid XU4 based on EXYNOS5422
Board: Odroid XU4 based on EXYNOS5422
Type:  xu4
DRAM:  2 GiB
MMC:   EXYNOS DWMMC: 0, EXYNOS DWMMC: 1
MMC Device 0 ( SD ): 7.4 GiB
mmc_init: -5, time 4
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   No ethernet found.
Press quickly 'Enter' twice to stop autoboot:  0
(...)

Armbian 20.02.1 Buster ttySAC2 
odroidxu4 login: root
Password: 1234
You are required to change your password immediately (root enforced)
Changing password for root.
(current) UNIX password: 
Enter new UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password: 
  ___      _           _     _  __  ___   _ _  _   
 / _ \  __| |_ __ ___ (_) __| | \ \/ / | | | || |  
| | | |/ _` | '__/ _ \| |/ _` |  \  /| | | | || |_ 
| |_| | (_| | | | (_) | | (_| |  /  \| |_| |__   _|
 \___/ \__,_|_|  \___/|_|\__,_| /_/\_\\___/   |_|  
                                                   
Welcome to Armbian buster with Linux 5.4.19-odroidxu4

System load:   2.23 0.79 0.28   Up time:       1 min
Memory usage:  6 % of 1993MB    IP:            192.168.1.232
CPU temp:      32°C             
Usage of /:    29% of 7.1G      

New to Armbian? Check the documentation first: https://docs.armbian.com


Thank you for choosing Armbian! Support: www.armbian.com

Creating a new user account. Press <Ctrl-C> to abort
Desktop environment will not be enabled if you abort the new user creation

Please provide a username (eg. your forename): user
Trying to add user user
Adding user `user' ...
Adding new group `user' (1000) ...
Adding new user `user' (1000) with group `user' ...
Creating home directory `/home/user' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for user
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
        Full Name []: User
        Room Number []: 
        Work Phone []: 
        Home Phone []: 
        Other []: 
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
Dear User, your account user has been created and is sudo enabled.
Please use this account for your daily work from now on.


root@odroidxu4:~# cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="10"
VERSION="10 (buster)"
(...)
root@odroidxu4:~# df 
Filesystem     1K-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev              950928      0    950928   0% /dev
tmpfs             204128   6592    197536   4% /run
/dev/mmcblk1p1   7505192 498264   6915480   7% /
tmpfs            1020628      0   1020628   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs               5120      0      5120   0% /run/lock
tmpfs            1020628      0   1020628   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs            1020628      0   1020628   0% /tmp
/dev/zram0         49584    632     45368   2% /var/log
tmpfs             204124      0    204124   0% /run/user/0


sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon

LOG IN:

ssh [email protected]

sudo=$(which sudo)

dev="/dev/disk/by-id/usb-Generic_Mass-Storage-0:0" # TODO
file "$dev"
fdisk -l $dev || lsblk # Update previous line

dev='/dev/sda' # TODO update
label="docker"
yes | ${sudo} mkfs.ext4 -L "$label" "$dev" # TODO: verify $disk variable

dev=/dev/sdb # TODO: update if needed
label="swap"
fdisk -l $dev 
yes | $sudo mkswap -L "$label" "$dev"
free
#|              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
#| Mem:        2041260      107724     1759992        6592      173544     1865772
#| Swap:       1020628           0     1020628
sudo swapoff -a
free
# 
#|              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
#| Mem:        2041260      106224     1761472        6592      173564     1867272
#| Swap:             0           0           0

$sudo swapon "/dev/disk/by-label/swap"
free
#|               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
#| Mem:        2041260      107912     1759716        6592      173632     1865584
#| Swap:       3943420           0     3943420

Install docker to use USB disk:

sudo apt-get install docker.io time git lsb-release file
#| Need to get 55.9 MB of archives.
#| After this operation, 255 MB of additional disk space will be used.
#| Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
#| (...)

dev="/dev/disk/by-label/docker"
mnt="/var/lib/docker"

df -h "$mnt"
# /dev/mmcblk1p1  7.2G  1.2G  6.0G  17% /
$sudo systemctl stop docker
$sudo sync
$sudo mkdir -p "$mnt"
$sudo mount "$dev" "$mnt"
df -h "$mnt" # /dev/sda        3.7G   16M  3.5G   1% /var/lib/docker
$sudo systemctl restart docker
$sudo docker version # 18.09.7

BUILD BINARIES:

sudo apt-get install time screen
url=https://github.com/mozilla-iot/gateway-deb.git
git clone --depth 1 --recursive "${url}"
cd gateway-deb
time bash ./build-docker.sh

docker image ls 
#| REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
#| <none>               <none>              c0edf15b50a7        About an hour ago   122MB
#| gatewaydeb_default   latest              32e5bdf8321c        8 hours ago         843MB
#| <none>               <none>              51a23a2e7130        9 hours ago         1.04GB
#| debian               10                  3eee7456d779        3 weeks ago         92.8MB

du -hsc ./dist/*
#| 21M     ./dist/webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf-debian-buster.deb

apt install -y ./dist/webthings-gateway_*.deb
#| Need to get 0 B/40.5 MB of archives.
#| After this operation, 180 MB of additional disk space will be used.
#| Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y

reboot

Alternatively:

. /etc/os-release
image="${NAME,,}:${VERSION_ID}" # or debian:latest ...
sed -e "s|^FROM [^ ]*|FROM $image|g" -i Dockerfile
script

time $sudo docker build -t webthings-gateway-deb .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  562.2kB
Step 1/18 : FROM ubuntu:18.04 as webthings-gateway-builder
18.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
(...)

EXTRACT PACKAGE:

time $sudo docker build -t webthings-gateway-deb .

   (...)
   dpkg-buildpackage: info: full upload (original source is included)
+ cd ..
++ ls webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf.deb
+ _deb=webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf.deb
++ lsb_release -is
++ tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'
++ lsb_release -cs
++ tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'
+ _renamed=webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf-ubuntu-bionic.deb
+ mv webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf.deb webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf-ubuntu-bionic.deb
+ ln -s webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf-ubuntu-bionic.deb webthings-gateway.deb
+ echo ''

+ echo 'Done building: webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf-ubuntu-bionic.deb'
Done building: webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf-ubuntu-bionic.deb
+ sync
Removing intermediate container a08e79d08892
 ---> 95c126961d48
Successfully built 95c126961d48
Successfully tagged gateway-deb:latest # TODO

real    76m18.885s
user    0m4.366s
sys     0m1.483s

docker image ls
gatewaydeb_default   latest              32e5bdf8321c        8 hours ago         843MB

project=webthings-gateway
dir=/usr/local/opt/${project}/dist
repository=webthings-gateway-deb
tag="latest"
image="$repository:$tag"

#docker commit "$image" "$repository"
container=$(docker create "$image")
# ad10b93f6b19801a958021ee60808eca376c15b25d4036a9ce52ea8cae88180c
mkdir -p tmp/output
docker cp "$container:$dir/" ../

RUN CONTAINER

sudo apt-get install docker-compose # 1.21.0-3
time docker-compose up

#| Creating network "gatewaydeb_default" with the default driver
#| Building default
#| Step 1/18 : FROM ubuntu:18.04 as webthings-gateway-builder
#| 18.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
#| (...)
#| 

WEB

http://odroidxu4.local:8080/

apt-get remove webthings-gateway docker.io
 
sudo apt install --install-recommends  ./dist/webthings-gateway_*.deb

N: Download is performed unsandboxed as root as file '/root/dist/webthings-gateway_0.11.0-1_armhf-debian-buster.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)

sudo chmod -Rv 700 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/aptitude/+bug/1543280

reboot

Welcome

Create your first user account:

user
email
password
password


## ADDONS ##

https://odroid.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=en:xu4_hardware#expansion_connectors




 remote.sh  [email protected]

 apt-get install alsa-utils

https://github.com/mozilla-iot/gateway-deb/pull/9

Add radio

http://odroidxu4.local:8080/things

Radio
Save
Done


https://github.com/flatsiedatsie/internet-radio/blob/master/pkg/internet_radio.py




install -d -o webthings  /var/run/webthings-gateway/.mozilla-iot/data/internet-radio
chmod a+rwX -R  /var/run/webthings-gateway/.mozilla-iot/data/internet-radio


root@odroidxu4:/etc/webthings-gateway/addons/internet-radio# ffplay -nodisp  /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav
root@odroidxu4:/etc/webthings-gateway/addons/internet-radio# addgroup webthings audio