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Python学习笔记_7：index() 和 dict() 的用法详解.html
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Python学习笔记_7：index() 和 dict() 的用法详解
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<p>前面的笔记中我详细介绍了列表和元组</p>
<p><strong>当我们需要列表中某一元素的相应位置时</strong></p>
<p>就要提到 <strong>index()</strong> 这个神奇的函数了</p>
<h2 id="混讲一下-index-和-dict"><a href="#混讲一下-index-和-dict" class="headerlink" title="混讲一下 index() 和 dict()"></a>混讲一下 index() 和 dict()</h2><p><strong>1、index() 的简单用法：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>I = [<span class="string">'东北大鹌鹑'</span>,<span class="string">'周淑怡'</span>,<span class="string">'刘某人'</span>,<span class="string">'胡歌'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>print(I.index(<span class="string">'胡歌'</span>))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>所以 index 可以直接输出该元素的位置。</p>
<p><strong>2、今天要说的 index() 的用法跟 dict() 函数有点关系，index 在有时候可以代替 dict 函数去实现字典的功能：</strong></p>
<p><strong>先简单介绍一下 dict() 函数：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">###首先我给四人每个人一个定义###</span></span><br><span class="line">%东北大鹌鹑-->小胖子</span><br><span class="line">%周淑怡------>大美女</span><br><span class="line">%刘某人------>反向抽烟</span><br><span class="line">%胡歌-------->艺术家</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>I = dict(((<span class="string">'东北大鹌鹑'</span>,<span class="string">'小胖子'</span>),(<span class="string">'周淑怡'</span>,<span class="string">'大美女'</span>),\</span><br><span class="line"> (<span class="string">'刘某人'</span>,<span class="string">'反向抽烟'</span>),(<span class="string">'胡歌'</span>,<span class="string">'艺术家'</span>)))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>print(I[<span class="string">'周淑怡'</span>])</span><br><span class="line">大美女</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>print(I[<span class="string">'刘某人'</span>])</span><br><span class="line">反向抽烟</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>所以 dict ( obj ) 会返回 obj 的定义</p>
<p><strong>3、用 index() 来实现上述操作：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>people = [<span class="string">'东北大鹌鹑'</span>,<span class="string">'周淑怡'</span>,<span class="string">'刘某人'</span>,<span class="string">'胡歌'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>mapping = [<span class="string">'小胖子'</span>,<span class="string">'大美女'</span>,<span class="string">'反向抽烟'</span>,<span class="string">'艺术家'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>print(<span class="string">'周淑怡是%s'</span> %(mapping[people.index(<span class="string">'周淑怡'</span>)]))</span><br><span class="line">周淑怡是大美女</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">>>> </span>print(<span class="string">'胡歌是%s'</span> %(mapping[people.index(<span class="string">'胡歌'</span>)]))</span><br><span class="line">胡歌是艺术家</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>总结：</strong><br>本来是想把 dict() 函数单独详细的说一下，但是写文章的时候突然想起来 index() 在这种情况下可以代替 dict() 的用法，而且 dict() 也比较简单，就在这里一起介绍了。</p>
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function viewer_init() {
let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))
$imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
$em.onclick = () => {
// slider展开状态
// todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
let items = []
$imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
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// 获得原图尺寸
const image = new Image()
image.src = src
items.push({
src: src,
w: image.width || $em2.width,
h: image.height || $em2.height,
title: title
})
})
var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
index: parseInt(i)
});
gallery.init()
}
})
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var copyHtml = '';
copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
copyHtml += '</button>';
$(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
$(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
target: function(trigger) {
return trigger.nextElementSibling;
}
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$icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
$span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
$icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
$icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
$span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
}, 2000);
});
clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
e.clearSelection();
let $btn = $(e.trigger);
$btn.addClass('copy-failed');
let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
$icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
$icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
$span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
$icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
$icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
$span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
}, 2000);
});
}
initCopyCode();
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