PY0101EN-3-1-Conditions.ipynb

{"cells":[{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cp style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\n","    \u003ca href=\"https://skills.network/?utm_medium=Exinfluencer\u0026utm_source=Exinfluencer\u0026utm_content=000026UJ\u0026utm_term=10006555\u0026utm_id=NA-SkillsNetwork-Channel-SkillsNetworkCoursesIBMDeveloperSkillsNetworkPY0101ENSkillsNetwork1005-2022-01-01\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\n","    \u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/assets/logos/SN_web_lightmode.png\" width=\"200\" alt=\"Skills Network Logo\"  /\u003e\n","    \u003c/a\u003e\n","\u003c/p\u003e\n","\n","\n","# Conditions in Python\n","\n","\n","Estimated time needed: **20** minutes\n","    \n","\n","## Objectives\n","\n","After completing this lab you will be able to:\n","\n","* work with condition statements in Python, including operators, and branching.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c/h2\u003e\n","\u003cdiv class=\"alert alert-block alert-info\" style=\"margin-top: 20px\"\u003e\n","    \u003cul\u003e\n","        \u003cli\u003e\n","            \u003ca href=\"#cond\"\u003eCondition Statements\u003c/a\u003e\n","            \u003cul\u003e\n","                \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"comp\"\u003eComparison Operators\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","                \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"branch\"\u003eBranching\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","                \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"logic\"\u003eLogical operators\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","            \u003c/ul\u003e\n","        \u003c/li\u003e\n","        \u003cli\u003e\n","            \u003ca href=\"#quiz\"\u003eQuiz on Condition Statement\u003c/a\u003e\n","        \u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003c/ul\u003e\n","\n","\u003c/div\u003e\n","\n","\u003chr\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003ch2 id=\"cond\"\u003eCondition Statements\u003c/h2\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003ch3 id=\"comp\"\u003eComparison Operators\u003c/h3\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Comparison operations compare some value or operand and based on a condition, produce a Boolean. When comparing two values you can use these operators:\n","\n","\u003cul\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003eequal: \u003cb\u003e==\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003enot equal: \u003cb\u003e!=\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003egreater than: \u003cb\u003e\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003eless than: \u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003egreater than or equal to: \u003cb\u003e\u003e=\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003eless than or equal to: \u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;=\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","\u003c/ul\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Let's assign \u003ccode\u003ea\u003c/code\u003e a value of 5. Use the equality operator denoted with two equal \u003cb\u003e==\u003c/b\u003e signs to determine if two values are equal. The case below compares the variable \u003ccode\u003ea\u003c/code\u003e with 6.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Condition Equal\n","\n","a = 5\n","a == 6"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The result is \u003cb\u003eFalse\u003c/b\u003e, as 5 does not equal to 6.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Consider the following equality comparison operator: \u003ccode\u003ei \u003e 5\u003c/code\u003e. If the value of the left operand, in this case the variable \u003cb\u003ei\u003c/b\u003e, is greater than the value of the right operand, in this case 5, then the statement is \u003cb\u003eTrue\u003c/b\u003e. Otherwise, the statement is \u003cb\u003eFalse\u003c/b\u003e.  If \u003cb\u003ei\u003c/b\u003e is equal to 6, because 6 is larger than 5, the output is \u003cb\u003eTrue\u003c/b\u003e.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Greater than Sign\n","\n","i = 6\n","i \u003e 5"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Set \u003ccode\u003ei = 2\u003c/code\u003e. The statement is False as 2 is not greater than 5:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Greater than Sign\n","\n","i = 2\n","i \u003e 5"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":[" Let's display some values for \u003ccode\u003ei\u003c/code\u003e in the figure. Set the values greater than 5 in green and the rest in red. The green region represents where the condition is **True**, the red where the statement is **False**. If the value of \u003ccode\u003ei\u003c/code\u003e is 2, we get **False** as the 2 falls in the red region. Similarly, if the value for \u003ccode\u003ei\u003c/code\u003e is 6 we get a **True** as the condition falls in the green region. \n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsGreater.gif\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The inequality test uses an exclamation mark preceding the equal sign, if two operands are not equal then the condition becomes **True**.  For example, the following condition will produce **True** as long as the value of \u003ccode\u003ei\u003c/code\u003e is not equal to 6:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Inequality Sign\n","\n","i = 2\n","i != 6"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["When \u003ccode\u003ei\u003c/code\u003e equals 6 the inequality expression produces \u003cb\u003eFalse\u003c/b\u003e. \n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Inequality Sign\n","\n","i = 6\n","i != 6"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["See the number line below. When the condition is **True**, the corresponding numbers are marked in green and for where the condition is **False** the corresponding number is marked in red.  If we set \u003ccode\u003ei\u003c/code\u003e equal to 2 the operator is true, since 2 is in the green region. If we set \u003ccode\u003ei\u003c/code\u003e equal to 6, we get a **False**, since the condition falls in the red region.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsIneq.gif\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":[" We can apply the same methods on strings. For example, we can use an equality operator on two different strings. As the strings are not equal, we get a **False**.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Use Equality sign to compare the strings\n","\n","\"ACDC\" == \"Michael Jackson\""]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":[" If we use the inequality operator, the output is going to be **True** as the strings are not equal.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Use Inequality sign to compare the strings\n","\n","\"ACDC\" != \"Michael Jackson\""]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The inequality operation is also used to compare the letters/words/symbols according to the ASCII value of letters. The decimal value shown in the following table represents the order of the character:\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\n","\u003cstyle type=\"text/css\"\u003e\n",".tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\n",".tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\n","  overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\n",".tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\n","  font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\n",".tg .tg-baqh{text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\n",".tg .tg-7geq{background-color:#ffffc7;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\n",".tg .tg-1cln{background-color:#ffcc67;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\n",".tg .tg-xozw{background-color:#ffcc67;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\n","\u003c/style\u003e\n","\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n","\u003cthead\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-1cln\"\u003eChar.\u003c/th\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-xozw\"\u003eASCII\u003c/th\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-xozw\"\u003eChar.\u003c/th\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-xozw\"\u003eASCII\u003c/th\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-xozw\"\u003eChar.\u003c/th\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-xozw\"\u003eASCII\u003c/th\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-xozw\"\u003eChar.\u003c/th\u003e\n","    \u003cth class=\"tg-xozw\"\u003eASCII\u003c/th\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","\u003c/thead\u003e\n","\u003ctbody\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eA\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e65\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eN\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e78\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ea\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e97\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003en\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e110\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eB\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e66\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eO\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e79\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eb\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e98\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eo\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e111\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eC\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e67\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eP\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e80\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ec\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e99\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ep\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e112\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eD\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e68\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eQ\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e81\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ed\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e100\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eq\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e113\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eE\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e69\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eR\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e82\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ee\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e101\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003er\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e114\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eF\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e70\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eS\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e83\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ef\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e102\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003es\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e115\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eG\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e71\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eT\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e84\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eg\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e103\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003et\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e116\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eH\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e72\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eU\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e85\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eh\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e104\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eu\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e117\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eI\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e73\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eV\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e86\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ei\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e105\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ev\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e118\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eJ\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e74\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eW\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e87\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ej\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e106\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ew\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e119\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eK\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e75\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eX\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e88\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ek\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e107\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ex\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e120\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eL\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e76\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eY\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e89\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003el\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e108\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ey\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e121\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","  \u003ctr\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eM\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e77\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003eZ\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e90\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003em\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e109\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-7geq\"\u003ez\u003c/td\u003e\n","    \u003ctd class=\"tg-baqh\"\u003e122\u003c/td\u003e\n","  \u003c/tr\u003e\n","\u003c/tbody\u003e\n","\u003c/table\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["For example, the ASCII code for \u003cb\u003e!\u003c/b\u003e is 33, while the ASCII code for \u003cb\u003e+\u003c/b\u003e is 43. Therefore \u003cb\u003e+\u003c/b\u003e is larger than \u003cb\u003e!\u003c/b\u003e as 43 is greater than 33.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Similarly, from the table above we see that the value for \u003cb\u003eA\u003c/b\u003e is 65, and the value for \u003cb\u003eB\u003c/b\u003e is 66, therefore:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Compare characters\n","\n","'B' \u003e 'A'"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":[" When there are multiple letters, the first letter takes precedence in ordering:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Compare characters\n","\n","'BA' \u003e 'AB'"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cb\u003eNote\u003c/b\u003e: Upper Case Letters have different ASCII code than Lower Case Letters, which means the comparison between the letters in Python is case-sensitive.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003ch3 id=\"branch\"\u003eBranching\u003c/h3\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":[" Branching allows us to run different statements for different inputs. It is helpful to think of an **if statement** as a locked room, if the statement is **True** we can enter the room and your program will run some predefined tasks, but if the statement is **False** the program will ignore the task.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["For example, consider the blue rectangle representing an ACDC concert. If the individual is older than 18, they can enter the ACDC concert. If they are 18 or younger, they cannot enter the concert.\n","\n","We can use the condition statements learned before as the conditions that need to be checked in the **if statement**. The syntax is as simple as \u003ccode\u003e if \u003ci\u003econdition statement\u003c/i\u003e :\u003c/code\u003e, which contains a word \u003ccode\u003eif\u003c/code\u003e, any condition statement, and a colon at the end. Start your tasks which need to be executed under this condition in a new line with an indent. The lines of code after the colon and with an indent will only be executed when the **if statement** is **True**. The tasks will end when the line of code does not contain the indent.\n","\n","In the case below, the code \u003ccode\u003eprint(“you can enter”)\u003c/code\u003e is executed only if the variable \u003ccode\u003eage\u003c/code\u003e is greater than 18 is a True case because this line of code has the indent. However, the execution of \u003ccode\u003eprint(“move on”)\u003c/code\u003e will not be influenced by the if statement.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# If statement example\n","\n","age = 19\n","#age = 18\n","\n","#expression that can be true or false\n","if age \u003e 18:\n","    \n","    #within an indent, we have the expression that is run if the condition is true\n","    print(\"you can enter\" )\n","\n","#The statements after the if statement will run regardless if the condition is true or false \n","print(\"move on\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003ci\u003eTry uncommenting the age variable\u003c/i\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["It is helpful to use the following diagram to illustrate the process. On the left side, we see what happens when the condition is \u003cb\u003eTrue\u003c/b\u003e.  The person enters the ACDC concert representing the code in the indent being executed; they then move on. On the right side, we see what happens when the condition is \u003cb\u003eFalse\u003c/b\u003e; the person is not granted access, and the person moves on. In this case, the segment of code in the indent does not run, but the rest of the statements are run. \n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsIf.gif\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The \u003ccode\u003eelse\u003c/code\u003e statement runs a block of code if none of the conditions are **True** before this \u003ccode\u003eelse\u003c/code\u003e statement. Let's use the ACDC concert analogy again. If the user is 17 they cannot go to the ACDC concert,  but they can go to the Meatloaf concert.\n","The syntax of the \u003ccode\u003eelse\u003c/code\u003e statement is similar as the syntax of the \u003ccode\u003eif\u003c/code\u003e statement, as \u003ccode\u003eelse :\u003c/code\u003e. Notice that, there is no condition statement for \u003ccode\u003eelse\u003c/code\u003e.\n","Try changing the values of \u003ccode\u003eage\u003c/code\u003e to see what happens:  \n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Else statement example\n","\n","age = 18\n","# age = 19\n","\n","if age \u003e 18:\n","    print(\"you can enter\" )\n","else:\n","    print(\"go see Meat Loaf\" )\n","    \n","print(\"move on\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The process is demonstrated below, where each of the possibilities is illustrated on each side of the image. On the left is the case where the age is 17, we set the variable age to 17, and this corresponds to the individual attending the Meatloaf concert. The right portion shows what happens when the individual is over 18, in this case 19, and the individual is granted access to the concert.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsElse.gif\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The \u003ccode\u003eelif\u003c/code\u003e statement, short for else if, allows us to check additional conditions if the condition statements before it are \u003cb\u003eFalse\u003c/b\u003e. If the condition for the \u003ccode\u003eelif\u003c/code\u003e statement is \u003cb\u003eTrue\u003c/b\u003e, the alternate expressions will be run. Consider the concert example, where if the individual is 18 they will go to the Pink Floyd concert instead of attending the ACDC or Meat-loaf concert. A person that is 18 years of age enters the area, and as they are not older than 18 they can not see ACDC, but since they are 18 years of age, they attend  Pink Floyd. After seeing Pink Floyd, they move on. The syntax of the \u003ccode\u003eelif\u003c/code\u003e statement is similar in that we merely change the \u003ccode\u003eif\u003c/code\u003e in the \u003ccode\u003eif\u003c/code\u003e statement to \u003ccode\u003eelif\u003c/code\u003e.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Elif statment example\n","\n","age = 18\n","\n","if age \u003e 18:\n","    print(\"you can enter\" )\n","elif age == 18:\n","    print(\"go see Pink Floyd\")\n","else:\n","    print(\"go see Meat Loaf\" )\n","    \n","print(\"move on\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The three combinations are shown in the figure below.  The left-most region shows what happens when the individual is less than 18 years of age. The central component shows when the individual is exactly 18. The rightmost shows when the individual is over 18.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsElif.gif\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":[" Look at the following code:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Condition statement example\n","\n","album_year = 1983\n","album_year = 1970\n","\n","if album_year \u003e 1980:\n","    print(\"Album year is greater than 1980\")\n","    \n","print('do something..')"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Feel free to change \u003ccode\u003ealbum_year\u003c/code\u003e value to other values -- you'll see that the result changes!\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Notice that the code in the above \u003cb\u003eindented\u003c/b\u003e block will only be executed if the results are \u003cb\u003eTrue\u003c/b\u003e. \n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["As before, we can add an \u003ccode\u003eelse\u003c/code\u003e block to the \u003ccode\u003eif\u003c/code\u003e block. The code in the \u003ccode\u003eelse\u003c/code\u003e block will only be executed if the result is \u003cb\u003eFalse\u003c/b\u003e.\n","\n","\n","\u003cb\u003eSyntax:\u003c/b\u003e \n","\n","if (condition):\n","    # do something\n","else:\n","    # do something else\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["If the condition in the \u003ccode\u003eif\u003c/code\u003e statement is \u003cb\u003eFalse\u003c/b\u003e, the statement after the \u003ccode\u003eelse\u003c/code\u003e block will execute. This is demonstrated in the figure: \n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsLogicMap.png\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Condition statement example\n","\n","album_year = 1983\n","#album_year = 1970\n","\n","if album_year \u003e 1980:\n","    print(\"Album year is greater than 1980\")\n","else:\n","    print(\"less than 1980\")\n","\n","print('do something..')"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Feel free to change the \u003ccode\u003ealbum_year\u003c/code\u003e value to other values -- you'll see that the result changes based on it!\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003ch3 id=\"logic\"\u003eLogical operators\u003c/h3\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\n","Sometimes you want to check more than one condition at once. For example, you might want to check if one condition and another condition are both **True**. Logical operators allow you to combine or modify conditions.\n","\u003cul\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eand\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eor\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","    \u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003enot\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n","\u003c/ul\u003e\n","\n","These operators are summarized for two variables using the following truth tables:  \n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsTable.png\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The \u003ccode\u003eand\u003c/code\u003e statement is only **True** when both conditions are true. The \u003ccode\u003eor\u003c/code\u003e statement is True if one condition, or both are **True**. The \u003ccode\u003enot\u003c/code\u003e statement outputs the opposite truth value.\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Let's see how to determine if an album was released after 1979 (1979 is not included) and before 1990 (1990 is not included). The time periods between 1980 and 1989 satisfy this condition. This is demonstrated in the figure below. The green on lines \u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003e represents periods where the statement is **True**. The green on line \u003cstrong\u003ec\u003c/strong\u003e represents where both conditions are **True**, this corresponds to where the green regions overlap. \n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsEgOne.png\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":[" The block of code to perform this check is given by:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Condition statement example\n","\n","album_year = 1980\n","\n","if(album_year \u003e 1979) and (album_year \u003c 1990):\n","    print (\"Album year was in between 1980 and 1989\")\n","    \n","print(\"\")\n","print(\"Do Stuff..\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["To determine if an album was released before 1980 (1979 and earlier) or after 1989 (1990 and onward ), an or statement can be used. Periods before 1980 (1979 and earlier) or after 1989 (1990 and onward) satisfy this condition. This is demonstrated in the following figure, the color green in \u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003e represents periods where the statement is true. The color green in **c** represents where at least one of the conditions \n","are true.  \n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cimg src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%203/images/CondsEgTwo.png\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The block of code to perform this check is given by:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Condition statement example\n","\n","album_year = 1990\n","\n","if(album_year \u003c 1980) or (album_year \u003e 1989):\n","    print (\"Album was not made in the 1980's\")\n","else:\n","    print(\"The Album was made in the 1980's \")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["The \u003ccode\u003enot\u003c/code\u003e statement checks if the statement is false:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Condition statement example\n","\n","album_year = 1983\n","\n","if not (album_year == 1984):\n","    print (\"Album year is not 1984\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003chr\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003ch2 id=\"quiz\"\u003eQuiz on Conditions\u003c/h2\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Write an if statement to determine if an album had a rating greater than 8. Test it using the rating for the album \u003cb\u003e“Back in Black”\u003c/b\u003e that had a rating of 8.5. If the statement is true print \"This album is Amazing!\"\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cdetails\u003e\u003csummary\u003eClick here for the solution\u003c/summary\u003e\n","\n","```python\n","rating = 8.5\n","if rating \u003e 8:\n","    print (\"This album is Amazing!\")\n","```\n","\n","\u003c/details\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003chr\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Write an if-else statement that performs the following. If the rating is larger then eight print “this album is amazing”. If the rating is less than or equal to 8 print “this album is ok”.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cdetails\u003e\u003csummary\u003eClick here for the solution\u003c/summary\u003e\n","\n","```python\n","rating = 8.5\n","if rating \u003e 8:\n","    print (\"this album is amazing\")\n","else:\n","    print (\"this album is ok\")\n","    \n","```\n","\n","\u003c/details\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003chr\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["Write an if statement to determine if an album came out before 1980 or in the years: 1991 or 1993. If the condition is true print out the year the album came out.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003cdetails\u003e\u003csummary\u003eClick here for the solution\u003c/summary\u003e\n","\n","```python\n","album_year = 1979\n","\n","if album_year \u003c 1980 or album_year == 1991 or album_year == 1993:\n","    print(\"This album came out in year\", album_year)\n","    \n","```\n","\n","\u003c/details\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["\u003chr\u003e\n","\u003ch2\u003eThe last exercise!\u003c/h2\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCongratulations, you have completed your first lesson and hands-on lab in Python. \n","\u003chr\u003e\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{},"source":["## Author\n","\n","\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/joseph-s-50398b136/?utm_medium=Exinfluencer\u0026utm_source=Exinfluencer\u0026utm_content=000026UJ\u0026utm_term=10006555\u0026utm_id=NA-SkillsNetwork-Channel-SkillsNetworkCoursesIBMDeveloperSkillsNetworkPY0101ENSkillsNetwork1005-2022-01-01\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJoseph Santarcangelo\u003c/a\u003e\n","\n","\n","## Other contributors\n","\n","\u003ca href=\"www.linkedin.com/in/jiahui-mavis-zhou-a4537814a\"\u003eMavis Zhou\u003c/a\u003e\n","\n","\n","## Change Log\n","\n","\n","|  Date (YYYY-MM-DD) |  Version | Changed By  |  Change Description |\n","|---|---|---|---|\n","\n","| 2022-01-10  | 2.1  | Malika  | Removed the readme for GitShare|\n","| 2020-08-26  | 2.0  | Lavanya | Moved lab to course repo in GitLab |\n","|   |   |   |   |\n","|   |   |   |   |\n","\n","\n","\n","\u003chr/\u003e\n","\n","## \u003ch3 align=\"center\"\u003e © IBM Corporation 2020. All rights reserved. \u003ch3/\u003e\n"]}],"metadata":{"kernelspec":{"display_name":"Python","language":"python","name":"conda-env-python-py"},"language_info":{"name":""}},"nbformat":4,"nbformat_minor":2}