Part 2 - Basic Output.ipynb

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  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Basic Output"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "When a cell is run, it can generate *output*. In IPython, the definition of output is quite general; it can be text, images, LaTeX, HTML or JSON. All output is displayed below the code that generated it, in the *output area*.\n",
      "\n",
      "This Notebook describes the basics of output and shows how the `stdout/stderr` streams are handled."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Displayhook"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "When a Python object is returned by an expression, Python's `displayhook` mechanism is triggered. In IPython, this results in an output prompt, such as `Out[2]`. These objects are then available under the variables:\n",
      "\n",
      "* `_` (last output)\n",
      "* `__` (second to last output)\n",
      "* `_N` (`Out[N]`)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import numpy as np\n",
      "import sys"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "np.random.rand(10)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 2,
       "text": [
        "array([ 0.75222263,  0.72102181,  0.15122973,  0.00386071,  0.21584229,\n",
        "        0.72508214,  0.16864276,  0.96639874,  0.92500381,  0.30806583])"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "np.sin(_)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 3,
       "text": [
        "array([ 0.68326335,  0.66015253,  0.15065394,  0.0038607 ,  0.21417025,\n",
        "        0.66319692,  0.16784452,  0.82284458,  0.79862306,  0.3032161 ])"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "sys.stdout and sys.stderr"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The stdout and stderr streams are displayed as text in the output area."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "print(\"hi, stdout\")"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "hi, stdout\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from __future__ import print_function\n",
      "print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "ename": "AttributeError",
       "evalue": "'str' object has no attribute 'write'",
       "output_type": "pyerr",
       "traceback": [
        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-5-e5cc61e52c6b>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mfrom\u001b[0m \u001b[0m__future__\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint_function\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'hi, stderr'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfile\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'out.txt'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
        "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'str' object has no attribute 'write'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Output is asynchronous"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "All output is displayed asynchronously as it is generated in the Kernel. If you execute the next cell, you will see the output one piece at a time, not all at the end."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import time, sys\n",
      "for i in range(8):\n",
      "    print(i)\n",
      "    time.sleep(0.5)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0\n",
        "1"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "2"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "3"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "4"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "5"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "6"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "7"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Large outputs"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "To better handle large outputs, the output area can be collapsed. Run the following cell and then single- or double- click on the active area to the left of the output:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in range(50):\n",
      "    print(i)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0\n",
        "1\n",
        "2\n",
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        "46\n",
        "47\n",
        "48\n",
        "49\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Beyond a certain point, output will scroll automatically:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in range(500):\n",
      "    print(2**i - 1)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
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       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Capturing output with <tt>%%capture</tt>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "IPython has a [cell magic](Cell%20Magics.ipynb), `%%capture`, which captures the stdout/stderr of a cell. With this magic you can discard these streams or store them in a variable."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from __future__ import print_function\n",
      "import sys"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "By default, `%%capture` discards these streams.  This is a simple way to suppress unwanted output."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%capture\n",
      "print('hi, stdout')\n",
      "print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "If you specify a name, then stdout/stderr will be stored in an object in your namespace."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%capture captured\n",
      "print('hi, stdout')\n",
      "print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "captured"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 8,
       "text": [
        "<IPython.utils.io.CapturedIO at 0x7f80440623d0>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Calling the object writes the output to stdout/stderr as appropriate."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "captured()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "hi, stdout\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stderr",
       "text": [
        "hi, stderr\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "captured.stdout"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 14,
       "text": [
        "'hi, stdout\\n'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "captured.stderr"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 15,
       "text": [
        "'hi, stderr\\n'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "`%%capture` grabs all output types, not just stdout/stderr, so you can do plots and use IPython's display system inside `%%capture`"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%matplotlib inline\n",
      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
      "import numpy as np"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%capture wontshutup\n",
      "\n",
      "print(\"setting up X\")\n",
      "x = np.linspace(0,5,1000)\n",
      "print(\"step 2: constructing y-data\")\n",
      "y = np.sin(x)\n",
      "print(\"step 3: display info about y\")\n",
      "plt.plot(x,y)\n",
      "print(\"okay, I'm done now\")"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "wontshutup()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "setting up X\n",
        "step 2: constructing y-data\n",
        "step 3: display info about y\n",
        "okay, I'm done now\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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9OxDvpxHZn2RnQ6dO8Prr+scr/u3mm2HwYHjySXPag4gv8ItCNmwYBAaa3e1F/F2XLnDj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\nRK5CYII=\n",
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x3817cd0>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "And you can selectively disable capturing stdout, stderr or rich display, by passing `--no-stdout`, `--no-stderr` and `--no-display`"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%capture cap --no-stderr\n",
      "print('hi, stdout')\n",
      "print(\"hello, stderr\", file=sys.stderr)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stderr",
       "text": [
        "hello, stderr\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 19
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "cap.stdout"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 20,
       "text": [
        "'hi, stdout\\n'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 20
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "cap.stderr"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 21,
       "text": [
        "''"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 21
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "cap.outputs"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 22,
       "text": [
        "[]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 22
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}