Is valid element

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/JohnLCaron/egk-ec)](https://github.com/JohnLCaron/egk-ec/blob/main/LICENSE.txt)
 ![GitHub branch checks state](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/JohnLCaron/egk-ec/unit-tests.yml)
-![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/badge/coverage-90.4%25%20LOC%20(6997/7741)-blue)
+![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/badge/coverage-90.4%25%20LOC%20(6991/7730)-blue)
 
 # ElectionGuard-Kotlin Elliptic Curve
 

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ChaumPedersen.kt

@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ fun ChaumPedersenRangeProofKnownNonce.verify(
     val expandedProofs = proofs.mapIndexed { j, proof ->
         // recomputes all the a and b values
         val (cj, vj) = proof
-        if (cj.inBounds() && vj.inBounds()) results.add(Ok(true))
-        if (!cj.inBounds()) results.add(Err("    5.B,6.B cj (idx $j) not in bounds"))
-        if (!vj.inBounds()) results.add(Err("    5.C,6.C vj (idx $j) not in bounds"))
+        if (cj.isValidElement() && vj.isValidElement()) results.add(Ok(true))
+        if (!cj.isValidElement()) results.add(Err("    5.B,6.B cj (idx $j) not in bounds"))
+        if (!vj.isValidElement()) results.add(Err("    5.C,6.C vj (idx $j) not in bounds"))
 
         val wj = (vj - j.toElementModQ(group) * cj)
         ExpandedChaumPedersenProof(
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ fun ChaumPedersenProof.verifyDecryption(
     val b = (encryptedVote.pad powP this.r) * (M powP this.c) // 9.3
 
     // 9.A The given value v is in the set Z_q.
-    if (!this.r.inBounds()) {
+    if (!this.r.isValidElement()) {
         return false
     }
     // The challenge value c = H(HE ; 0x30, K, A, B, a, b, M ). eq 71, 9.B.
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ fun ChaumPedersenProof.verifyContestDataDecryption(
     val b = (hashedCiphertext.c0 powP this.r) * (beta powP this.c) // 11.2
 
     // 11.A The given value v is in the set Z_q.
-    if (!this.r.inBounds()) {
+    if (!this.r.isValidElement()) {
         return false
     }
     // The challenge value c = H(HE ; 0x31, K, C0 , C1 , C2 , a, b, β) // 11.B

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/GroupContext.kt

@@ -21,12 +21,6 @@ interface GroupContext {
     /** Useful constant: the group generator */
     val G_MOD_P: ElementModP
 
-    /** Useful constant: the inverse of the group generator */
-    val GINV_MOD_P: ElementModP
-
-    /** Useful constant: the group generator, squared */
-    val G_SQUARED_MOD_P: ElementModP
-
     /** Useful constant: zero mod q */
     val ZERO_MOD_Q: ElementModQ
 
@@ -134,6 +128,9 @@ interface Element {
      */
     val context: GroupContext
 
+    /** Validates that this element is a member of the Group */
+    fun isValidElement(): Boolean
+
     /** Converts to a [ByteArray] representation. Inverse to group.binaryToElementModX(). */
     fun byteArray(): ByteArray
 
@@ -164,16 +161,10 @@ interface ElementModQ : Element, Comparable<ElementModQ> {
 
     /** Checks whether this element is zero. */
     fun isZero(): Boolean
-
-    /** Validate the element is in [0,Q) */
-    fun inBounds(): Boolean
 }
 
 interface ElementModP : Element, Comparable<ElementModP> {
 
-    /** Validates that this element is a member of the Group */
-    fun isValidElement(): Boolean
-
     /** Computes b^e mod p */
     infix fun powP(exp: ElementModQ): ElementModP
 

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/Schnorr.kt

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ data class SchnorrProof(
         // therefore, whoever generated v knows s
 
         val inBoundsK = publicCommitment.isValidElement() // 2.A
-        val inBoundsU = response.inBounds() // 2.B
+        val inBoundsU = response.isValidElement() // 2.B
         val validChallenge = c == challenge // 2.C
         val success = inBoundsK && inBoundsU && validChallenge
 

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ecgroup/EcElementModP.kt

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class EcElementModP(val group: EcGroupContext, val ec: VecElementP): ElementModP
 
     /** Validate that this element is a member of the elliptic curve Group.*/
     override fun isValidElement(): Boolean {
-        return group.vecGroup.isPointOnCurve(this.ec.x, this.ec.y)
+        return this.ec.isValidElement()
     }
 
     override fun multInv(): ElementModP {

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ecgroup/EcElementModQ.kt

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class EcElementModQ(val group: EcGroupContext, val element: BigInteger): Element
     override val context: GroupContext
         get() = group
 
-    override fun inBounds() = element >= BigInteger.ZERO && element < group.vecGroup.order
+    override fun isValidElement() = element >= BigInteger.ZERO && element < group.vecGroup.order
 
     override operator fun compareTo(other: ElementModQ): Int = element.compareTo(other.getCompat(group))
 

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ecgroup/EcGroupContext.kt

@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ class EcGroupContext(val name: String, useNative: Boolean = true): GroupContext
     val vecGroup: VecGroup = VecGroups.getEcGroup(name, useNative)
     val ONE = EcElementModP(this, vecGroup.ONE)
 
-    override val GINV_MOD_P: ElementModP = EcElementModP(this, vecGroup.g.inv())
     override val G_MOD_P: ElementModP = EcElementModP(this, vecGroup.g)
-    override val G_SQUARED_MOD_P: ElementModP = EcElementModP(this, vecGroup.g.square())
     override val NUM_P_BITS: Int = vecGroup.pbitLength
     override val MAX_BYTES_P: Int = vecGroup.pbyteLength + 1 // x plus sign of y
     override val ONE_MOD_P: ElementModP = this.ONE

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ecgroup/VecElementP.kt

@@ -39,19 +39,23 @@ open class VecElementP(
     val pGroup: VecGroup,
     val x: BigInteger,
     val y: BigInteger,
-    safe: Boolean = false // eg randomElement() knows its safe
 ) {
     val modulus = pGroup.primeModulus
 
     constructor(group: VecGroup, xs: String, ys: String): this(group, BigInteger(xs,16), BigInteger(ys, 16))
 
     init {
-        if (!safe && !pGroup.isPointOnCurve(x, y)) {
-            pGroup.isPointOnCurve(x, y)
+        if (!isValidElement()) {
             throw RuntimeException("Given point is not on the described curve")
         }
     }
 
+    fun isValidElement(): Boolean {
+        // TODO this has to be true unless it was constructed with safe=true.
+        // Note this also checks that both x and y are in [0,P)
+        return pGroup.isPointOnCurve(x, y)
+    }
+
     open fun acceleratePow(): VecElementP {
         return this
     }
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ open class VecElementP(
         // Otherwise we perform multiplication of two points in general position.
         // s = (y-e.y)/(x-e.x)
 
-        val s = y.subtract(other.y).multiply(x.subtract(other.x).modInverse(modulus).mod(modulus));
+        val s = y.subtract(other.y).multiply(x.subtract(other.x).modInverse(modulus).mod(modulus))
 
         // rx = s^2 - (x + e.x)
         val rx = s.multiply(s).subtract(this.x).subtract(other.x).mod(modulus)

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ecgroup/VecElementPnative.kt

@@ -37,14 +37,13 @@ open class VecElementPnative(
     pGroup: VecGroup,
     x: BigInteger,
     y: BigInteger,
-    safe: Boolean = false
-) : VecElementP(pGroup, x, y, safe) {
+) : VecElementP(pGroup, x, y) {
     val vgNative = pGroup as VecGroupNative
 
     constructor(group: VecGroup, xs: String, ys: String): this(group, BigInteger(xs,16), BigInteger(ys, 16))
 
     override fun acceleratePow(): VecElementP {
-        return VecElementPnativeAcc(pGroup, x, y, true)
+        return VecElementPnativeAcc(pGroup, x, y)
     }
 
     /** Compute the product of this element with other. */
@@ -89,8 +88,7 @@ class VecElementPnativeAcc(
     pGroup: VecGroup,
     x: BigInteger,
     y: BigInteger,
-    safe: Boolean = false
-) : VecElementPnative(pGroup, x, y, safe) {
+) : VecElementPnative(pGroup, x, y) {
     val tablePtr: ByteArray by lazy { // TODO free the native memory....
 
         /**

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ecgroup/VecGroup.kt

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ open class VecGroup(
         pIs3mod4 = primeModulus.testBit(0) && primeModulus.testBit(1) // p mod 4 = 3, true for P-256
     }
 
-    open fun makeVecModP(x: BigInteger, y: BigInteger, safe: Boolean = false) = VecElementP(this, x, y, safe)
+    open fun makeVecModP(x: BigInteger, y: BigInteger) = VecElementP(this, x, y)
 
     fun elementFromByteArray(ba: ByteArray): VecElementP? = elementFromByteArray1(ba)
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ open class VecGroup(
 
                 if (jacobiSymbol(fx, primeModulus) == 1) {
                     val y2 = sqrt(fx)
-                    return makeVecModP(x, y2, true)
+                    return makeVecModP(x, y2)
                 }
             } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
                 throw RuntimeException("Unexpected format exception", e)

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/ecgroup/VecGroupNative.kt

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class VecGroupNative(
     /** Pointer to curve parameters in native space. */
     val nativePointer: ByteArray = VEC.getCurve("P-256")
 
-    override fun makeVecModP(x: BigInteger, y: BigInteger, safe: Boolean) = VecElementPnative(this, x, y, safe)
+    override fun makeVecModP(x: BigInteger, y: BigInteger) = VecElementPnative(this, x, y)
 
     override fun sqrt(x: BigInteger): BigInteger {
        return VEC.sqrt(x, primeModulus).toPositive()

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/intgroup/IntGroup.kt

@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ class ProductionGroupContext(
     val r: BigInteger
     val oneModP: ProductionElementModP
     val gModP: ProductionElementModP
-    val gInvModP by lazy { gPowP(qMinus1Q) }
-    val gSquaredModP: ProductionElementModP
     val zeroModQ: ProductionElementModQ
     val oneModQ: ProductionElementModQ
     val twoModQ: ProductionElementModQ
@@ -48,7 +46,6 @@ class ProductionGroupContext(
         r = rBytes.toBigInteger()
         oneModP = ProductionElementModP(1U.toBigInteger(), this)
         gModP = ProductionElementModP(g, this).acceleratePow() as ProductionElementModP
-        gSquaredModP = ProductionElementModP((g * g).mod(p), this)
         zeroModQ = ProductionElementModQ(0U.toBigInteger(), this)
         oneModQ = ProductionElementModQ(1U.toBigInteger(), this)
         twoModQ = ProductionElementModQ(2U.toBigInteger(), this)
@@ -70,12 +67,6 @@ class ProductionGroupContext(
     override val G_MOD_P
         get() = gModP
 
-    override val GINV_MOD_P
-        get() = gInvModP
-
-    override val G_SQUARED_MOD_P
-        get() = gSquaredModP
-
     override val ZERO_MOD_Q
         get() = zeroModQ
 
@@ -189,7 +180,7 @@ class ProductionElementModQ(internal val element: BigInteger, val groupContext:
 
     override fun isZero() = element == BigInteger.ZERO
 
-    override fun inBounds() = element >= BigInteger.ZERO && element < groupContext.q
+    override fun isValidElement() = element >= BigInteger.ZERO && element < groupContext.q
 
     override operator fun compareTo(other: ElementModQ): Int = element.compareTo(other.getCompat(groupContext))
 
@@ -238,8 +229,9 @@ open class ProductionElementModP(internal val element: BigInteger, val groupCont
     override operator fun compareTo(other: ElementModP): Int = element.compareTo(other.getCompat(groupContext))
 
     /**
-     * Validates that this element is a member of the Integer Group, ie in Z_p^r.
-     * "Z_p^r is the set of r-th-residues in Z∗p", see spec 2.0 p.9
+     * Validates that this element is in Z_p^r, "set of r-th-residues in Z_p".
+     * "A value x is in Z_p^r if and only if x is an integer such that 0 ≤ x < p
+     * and x^q mod p == 1", see spec 2.0 p.9.
      */
     override fun isValidElement(): Boolean {
         groupContext.opCounts.getOrPut("exp") { AtomicInteger(0) }.incrementAndGet()

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/verifier/VerifyDecryption.kt

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class VerifyDecryption(
                     continue
                 }
 
-                if (!selection.proof.r.inBounds()) {
+                if (!selection.proof.r.isValidElement()) {
                     val what = if (isBallot) "12.A" else "9.A"
                     serrs.add("    $what response out of bounds")
                 }
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class VerifyDecryption(
 
     private fun verifyContestData(decryptedContestData: DecryptedTallyOrBallot.DecryptedContestData, errs: ErrorMessages){
         // (11.A,14.A) The given value v is in the set Zq.
-        if (!decryptedContestData.proof.r.inBounds()) {
+        if (!decryptedContestData.proof.r.isValidElement()) {
             errs.add("     (11.A,14.A) The value v is not in the set Zq.")
         }
         if (!decryptedContestData.proof.verifyContestDataDecryption(publicKey, extendedBaseHash, decryptedContestData.beta, decryptedContestData.encryptedContestData)) {

src/main/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/verifier/VerifyPreEncryptedBallots.kt

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ import org.cryptobiotic.util.ErrorMessages
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // pre-encryption
+// TODO Is verification boxes 15, 16 the same as 5 and 6?
 
 /*
 Every step of verification that applies to traditional ElectionGuard ballots also applies to pre-
 encrypted ballots – with the exception of the process for computing confirmation codes. However,
-52there are some additional verification steps that must be applied to pre-encrypted ballots. Specifi-
+there are some additional verification steps that must be applied to pre-encrypted ballots. Specifi-
 cally, the following verifications should be done for every pre-encrypted cast ballot contained in the
 election record.
     • The ballot confirmation code correctly matches the hash of all contest hashes on the ballot

src/test/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/GroupTest.kt

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class GroupTest {
 
     fun qInBounds(context: GroupContext) {
         runTest {
-            forAll(propTestFastConfig, elementsModQ(context)) { it.inBounds() }
+            forAll(propTestFastConfig, elementsModQ(context)) { it.isValidElement() }
         }
     }
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class GroupTest {
             checkAll(propTestFastConfig, Arb.int(min = 0, max = intTestQ - 1)) { i ->
                 val iq = context.uIntToElementModQ(i.toUInt())
                 val q = context.ZERO_MOD_Q - iq
-                assertTrue(q.inBounds())
+                assertTrue(q.isValidElement())
                 assertEquals(context.ZERO_MOD_Q, q + iq)
             }
         }

src/test/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/intgroup/PowRadixTest.kt

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class PowRadixTest {
 
             assertEquals(ctxSlow.ONE_MOD_P, powRadix.pow(0.toElementModQ(ctxSlow)))
             assertEquals(ctxSlow.G_MOD_P, powRadix.pow(1.toElementModQ(ctxSlow)))
-            assertEquals(ctxSlow.G_SQUARED_MOD_P, powRadix.pow(2.toElementModQ(ctxSlow)))
+            // assertEquals(ctxSlow.G_SQUARED_MOD_P, powRadix.pow(2.toElementModQ(ctxSlow)))
 
             // check fewer cases because it's so much slower
             checkAll(propTestFastConfig, elementsModQ(ctxSlow)) { e ->

src/test/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/core/intgroup/TinyGroup.kt

@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ internal class TinyGroupContext(
         get() = oneModP
     override val G_MOD_P: ElementModP
         get() = gModP
-    override val GINV_MOD_P: ElementModP
+    val GINV_MOD_P: ElementModP
         get() = gInvModP
-    override val G_SQUARED_MOD_P: ElementModP
+    val G_SQUARED_MOD_P: ElementModP
         get() = gSquaredModP
     override val ZERO_MOD_Q: ElementModQ
         get() = zeroModQ
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ internal class TinyElementModQ(val element: UInt, val groupContext: TinyGroupCon
     override val context: GroupContext
         get() = groupContext
 
-    override fun inBounds(): Boolean = element < groupContext.q
+    override fun isValidElement(): Boolean = element < groupContext.q
 
     override fun isZero(): Boolean = element == 0U
 

src/test/kotlin/org/cryptobiotic/eg/decrypt/LagrangeTest.kt

@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@ class LagrangeTest {
                       present: List<Int>) {
         val available = trustees.filter {present.contains(it.xCoordinate())}
         val lagrangeCoefficients = available.associate { it.id to computeLagrangeCoefficient(group, it.xCoordinate, present) }
-        lagrangeCoefficients.values.forEach { assertTrue( it.inBounds()) }
+        lagrangeCoefficients.values.forEach { assertTrue( it.isValidElement()) }
 
         val weightedSum = group.addQ(
             trustees.map {
-                assertTrue(it.computeSecretKeyShare().inBounds())
+                assertTrue(it.computeSecretKeyShare().isValidElement())
                 val coeff = lagrangeCoefficients[it.id] ?: throw IllegalArgumentException()
                 it.computeSecretKeyShare() * coeff
             }