Description

hash-capture automatically scans nearby WiFi networks, deauthenticates clients and tries to capture the four way handshake that can be later used to offline crack passwords with hashcat or aircrack-ng.

This project was inspired by pwnagotchi and hashcatch.

I tried to install pwnagotchi on a Raspberry PI 4 running Raspbian but had difficulties in installing the pre-requisites (mainly TensorFlow) so I searched a much simpler alternative to capture handshakes only, I was less interested in other pwnagotchi features, like AI or gamification.

I found the nice simple script hashcatch and I adapted his idea to my needs:

• I rewrote the script in Perl (my preferred scripting language)
• I optimzed the handshake capture speed ignoring access point SSIDs without client connections
• I introduced a fast mode, to optimize the capture speed when driving or walking fast, scanning a single channel at a time
• I added many configurable options through command line switches

Table of Content

• Description
• Table of Content
• Prerequisites
• Installation
• Usage
  • Required arguments
  • Optional arguments
  • Commands accepted when running
  • Information displayed
  • Remarks
• License
• Author

Prerequisites

hash-capture.pl executes aircrack-ng commands and requires the installation of the following components:

• aircrack-ng, the script executes the airodump-ng and aireplay-ng commands
• hashcat-utils, the script executes the cap2hccapx command
• wireless-tools (tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions), the script executes the iwconfig command
• iw (tool for configuring Linux wireless devices), the script executes the iw command
• figlet (make large character ASCII banners out of ordinary text), only needed with the option to print large chars on a terminal, useful when the terminal is running on a small mobile phone screen
• libterm-readkey-perl (perl module for simple terminal control)

Prerequisites can be installed using commands similar to the followings (in Debian or Ubuntu based distribution):

$ # install available packages
$ sudo apt-get install aircrack-ng wireless-tools iw figlet libterm-readkey-perl
$ #
$ # install from source hashcat-utils, cloning from github
$ git clone https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat-utils
$ cd hashcat-utils/src
$ make
$ # install executable in /usr/local/bin, removing the ".bin" extension
$ # assuming /usr/local/bin is in the standard PATH
$ for i in *.bin; do f=`basename $i .bin`; sudo cp $i /usr/local/bin/$f; done

Installation

• Install the prerequisites, see above paragraph
• Clone this repository, with commands similar to

   $ git clone https://github.com/digiampietro/hash-capture
  

• Copy the hash-capture.pl script in a directory included in your PATH with commands similar to:

  $ cd hash-capture
  $ sudo cp hash-capture.pl /usr/local/bin/
  

Usage

First you have to Put the wireless interface in monitor mode, usually, but not allways, this can be achieved with the following command (assuming your wireless interface, supporting monitor mode, is wlan0)

$ sudo airmon-ng start wlan0

Execute the hash-capture script with sudo (or as root) with the desired arguments:

$ sudo hash-capture.pl -i monitoring-interface [ options ]

Required arguments

• -i monitoring-interface where monitoring-interface is the name of the interface in monitor mode for example it could be wlan0mon. This is the only mandatory argument.

Optional arguments

• -s scanTime time to scan the WiFi neighborhood before starting to de-authenticate connected clients. Default is 10 seconds in std mode and 5 seconds in fast mode.
• -c captureTime time to capture handshakes after de-authenticating users. Default is 10 second in std mode and 5 seconds in fast mode.
• -n ndeauth number of de-authentication packets to send to disconnect clients. Default is 5.
• -m minPower minimum station and access point power (as reported by airodump-ng) to send de-authentication packets. If the reported power is lower than this value, the client is ignored. Default value is -90.
• -d handshakeDir directory where to store handshakes. Default is /usr/share/hash-capture. If this directory doesn't exists it will be created. Handshakes are stored in /usr/share/hash-capture/handshakes and the list of successfully captured handshakes is stored in the text file /usr/share/hash-capture/found.txt, this text file is read each time hash-capture.pl starts; Access Points with already captured handshakes will be ignored. If you change the directory with this option, the original found.txt will not be found and already captured handshakes will be captured again.
• -b selects very big font on display, using figlet. This can be useful when the terminal is running on a small mobile phone screen.
• -o std|fast selects operation mode, default is std. In std mode airodump-ng is used to scan the entire WiFi spectrum; in fast mode airodump-ng will scan only a channel at a time, in a shorter time; the channel is randomly chosen but channels 1, 6 and 11 have a much higher probability than other channels. Usually fast mode is better when driving or when walking fast.
• -v verbose, prints, on standard error, a lot of (un)useful information. Useful for debugging the script or better understanding what the script does.
• -h prints a short help.
• -x dont remove temporary files stored in /tmp directory, useful only for debugging.

Commands accepted when running

When running, the script recognizes the following key presses (case insensitive):

• Q quit the program.
• S switch to std mode, after this switch scanTime and captureTime will assume the default values (10 seconds) for the std mode. The switch will happen after the current capture cycle.
• F switch fo fast mode, after this switch scanTime and captureTime will assume the default values (5 seconds) for the fast mode. The switch will happen after the current capture cycle.

Information displayed

An example of information displayed is the following:

Mode:       std
Status:     Listening
Subject:    valeriobo0
Found:      1
Sequence:   2 - 1

• Mode is the operating mode and can be std or fast.
• Status is the current status that can be:
  • Scanning scanning the airwaves.
  • Deauth sending deauthentication packets to the selected client.
  • Listening capturing packets after deauthentication hoping to capture a valid handshake.
• Subject is the name of the SSID during the Deauth and Listening status. Empty in the Scanning status.
• Found is the number of new valid handshakes found since the start of the program.
• Sequence is the current cycle number: the first number is the number of each Scan/Deauth/Listening cycle; the second number is the number of the current de-authenticating client.

When the -b option is selected (big font) the display is slightly different, but the information is the same, as shown below:

Mode:       std
 _      _       _                _
| |    (_) ___ | |_  ___  _ __  (_) _ __    __ _
| |    | |/ __|| __|/ _ \| '_ \ | || '_ \  / _` |
| |___ | |\__ \| |_|  __/| | | || || | | || (_| |
|_____||_||___/ \__|\___||_| |_||_||_| |_| \__, |
                                           |___/
              _              _         _              ___
__   __ __ _ | |  ___  _ __ (_)  ___  | |__    ___   / _ \
\ \ / // _` || | / _ \| '__|| | / _ \ | '_ \  / _ \ | | | |
 \ V /| (_| || ||  __/| |   | || (_) || |_) || (_) || |_| |
  \_/  \__,_||_| \___||_|   |_| \___/ |_.__/  \___/  \___/

 _                                                        ____      _ 
/ |  _ __    ___ __      __          _ __  _   _  _ __   |___ \    / |
| | | '_ \  / _ \\ \ /\ / /  _____  | '__|| | | || '_ \    __) |   | |
| | | | | ||  __/ \ V  V /  |_____| | |   | |_| || | | |  / __/  _ | |
|_| |_| |_| \___|  \_/\_/           |_|    \__,_||_| |_| |_____|(_)|_|

Remarks

This script try to be as efficient as possible to capture as much handshakes as possible, but it is almost impossible to capture handshakes when driving because, also in fast mode, it take at least 10 seconds to scan, deauth and capture handshakes and if you are driving at a low speed, for exapmle 40Km/h, you will do more than 100mt in 10 seconds, enough to go out of the access point reach.

In fast mode it is easier to capure handshakes when driving in a city, with houses at the border of the road and stopping frequently in traffic queues or at traffic lights.

fast mode can be useful also when walking the dog, but if your dog prefers to stop and investigate the surroundings a little longer than usual, than the std mode, with longer scanTime and captureTime, can be better.

License

Copyright (c) 2019 Valerio Di Giampietro, distributed with the MIT License, for further details see the LICENSE file

Author

I am happy to be contacted about this project, my contact details are:

Item	Content
Author's name	Valerio Di Giampietro
Email	[email protected] (yes it's a valid email address!)
Personal web site	http://va.ler.io (aka http://digiampietro.com)
LinkedIn	http://it.linkedin.com/in/digiampietro
Twitter	http://twitter.com/valerio
Facebook	http://facebook.com/digiampietro