Cucumber :

Cucumber is a popular tool for behavior-driven development (BDD) and acceptance test automation. It allows you to write test cases in a human-readable format and execute them against your application.

Here's a step-by-step guide to getting started with Cucumber testing in a Java environment:

Create a Maven Project:

Start by creating a Maven project for your Cucumber tests. This will help you manage dependencies and project structure effectively.

Add Dependencies:

In your project's pom.xml file, add the necessary dependencies for Cucumber and any other testing libraries you plan to use.

xml

<dependencies>
    <!-- Cucumber dependencies -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
        <version>6.10.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
        <version>6.10.4</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Create Feature Files:

In Cucumber, test scenarios are written in feature files using Gherkin syntax. Feature files describe the behavior of your application in a human-readable format. Create a directory named src/test/resources and add feature files with .feature extensions.

gherkin

Feature: Login Functionality

Scenario: Successful login
    Given the user is on the login page
    When they enter valid credentials
    And click the login button
    Then they should be redirected to the dashboard

Create Step Definitions:

Cucumber steps need to be mapped to Java methods called step definitions. Create a Java class that corresponds to each feature file, and within that class, define step definition methods.

java

import io.cucumber.java.en.Given;
import io.cucumber.java.en.When;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Then;

public class LoginSteps {
    @Given("the user is on the login page")
    public void user_is_on_login_page() {
        // Write code to navigate to the login page
    }

    @When("they enter valid credentials")
    public void enter_valid_credentials() {
        // Write code to enter valid credentials
    }

    @When("click the login button")
    public void click_login_button() {
        // Write code to click the login button
    }

    @Then("they should be redirected to the dashboard")
    public void verify_redirected_to_dashboard() {
        // Write code to verify the user is on the dashboard
    }
}

Create Test Runner:

Create a test runner class to configure Cucumber options and specify the location of your feature files and step definitions.

java

import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber;
import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
    features = "src/test/resources",
    glue = "your.package.name",
    plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports"}
)
public class TestRunner {
}

Run Your Tests:

You can now run your Cucumber tests by executing the Test Runner class. Cucumber will read the feature files, execute the step definitions, and report the results.

View Test Reports:

Cucumber can generate test reports in various formats (e.g., HTML, JSON). You can view these reports to analyze test results.

Cucumber provides a structured way to write and execute tests using a natural language format. It's particularly useful for collaboration between non-technical stakeholders (like product owners) and developers or testers. You can extend your test automation by integrating it with Selenium WebDriver or other testing libraries to interact with your application's UI.

---

POM :

POM, or Page Object Model, is a design pattern used in software test automation, especially in the context of Selenium WebDriver for testing web applications. The Page Object Model pattern helps in creating a more maintainable and readable test code by separating the test code from the page-specific code.

Below is a basic outline of how you can implement the Page Object Model for Java testing:

Create a Maven Project:

Start by creating a Maven project for your Java test automation. Maven helps manage dependencies and project structure efficiently.

Add Dependencies:

In your project's pom.xml file, add dependencies for the testing framework you want to use. For Selenium WebDriver, you'll typically include Selenium WebDriver and any test framework you prefer, such as TestNG or JUnit.

xml

<dependencies>
    <!-- Selenium WebDriver -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>3.141.59</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- TestNG -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>7.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Create Page Objects:

For each web page or component you want to interact with, create a corresponding Page Object class. This class should encapsulate the page's elements and actions that can be performed on the page.

java

public class LoginPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private By usernameField = By.id("username");
    private By passwordField = By.id("password");
    private By loginButton = By.id("loginButton");
    
    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }
    
    public void enterUsername(String username) {
        driver.findElement(usernameField).sendKeys(username);
    }
    
    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        driver.findElement(passwordField).sendKeys(password);
    }
    
    public void clickLoginButton() {
        driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
    }
}

Create Test Classes:

Create test classes that use the Page Object classes to write your test cases. Initialize the WebDriver and use the Page Objects to interact with web elements.

java

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class LoginTest {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private LoginPage loginPage;
    
    @BeforeTest
    public void setup() {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver.exe");
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://example.com");
        loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testLogin() {
        loginPage.enterUsername("yourUsername");
        loginPage.enterPassword("yourPassword");
        loginPage.clickLoginButton();
        
        // Add assertions and further test steps here
    }
}

Run Tests:

You can run your tests using your chosen testing framework (e.g., TestNG or JUnit). Set up test suites, execute tests, and view test results.

Repeat for Other Pages:

Create Page Object classes and test classes for other pages and components of your application following the same pattern.

The Page Object Model helps improve the maintainability and readability of your test code by keeping the page-specific logic separate from your test cases. This allows for easier updates when the application's UI changes, as you only need to update the corresponding Page Object class.