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#5 formatado anos 50 e 60
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### 1950s

{:auto_ids-year}
1957
: USSR launches Sputnik, first artificial earth satellite.
In response, US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency ([ARPA](http://www.darpa.mil/)),
the following year,
within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military (:amk:)
: USSR launches Sputnik, first artificial earth satellite.
In response, US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency ([ARPA](http://www.darpa.mil/)),
the following year,
within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military (:amk:)
{: .dl-traducao}


* * *

### 1960s


<dl>

<dt>**1961**</dt>

<dd>Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "[Information Flow in Large Communication Nets](http://www.lk.cs.ucla.edu/bibliography-public_reports.html)" (May 31)

* First paper on packet-switching (PS) theory

</dd>

<dt>**1962**</dt>

<dd>J.C.R. Licklider & W. Clark, MIT: "[On-Line Man Computer Communication](http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1460847)" (August)

* _Galactic Network_ concept encompassing distributed social interactions

</dd>

<dt>**1964**</dt>

<dd>Paul Baran, RAND: "[On Distributed Communications Networks](http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM3420.html)"

* Packet-switching networks; no single outage point

</dd>

<dt>**1965**</dt>

<dd>ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers"

* TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and AN/FSQ-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) via a dedicated 1200bps phone line; Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer at ARPA later added to form "The Experimental Network"

</dd>

<dt>**1966**</dt>

<dd>Lawrence G. Roberts, MIT: "Towards a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers" (October)

* First ARPANET plan

</dd>

<dt>**1967**</dt>

<dd>ARPANET design discussions held by Larry Roberts at ARPA IPTO PI meeting in Ann Arbor, Michigan (April)</dd>

<dd>[ACM](http://www.acm.org/) Symposium on Operating Systems Principles in Gatlinburg, Tennessee (October)

* First design paper on ARPANET published by Larry Roberts: "Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication
* First meeting of the three independent packet network teams (RAND, NPL, ARPA)

</dd>

<dd>National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in Middlesex, England develops NPL Data Network under Donald Watts Davies who coins the term packet. The NPL network, an experiment in packet-switching, used 768kbps lines</dd>

<dt>**1968**</dt>

<dd>PS-network presented to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)</dd>

<dd>[Request for quotation](http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/chris/DIGITAL_ARCHIVE/ARPANET/RFQ-ARPA-IMP.pdf) for ARPANET (29 Jul) sent out in August; responses received in September</dd>

<dd>University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) awarded Network Measurement Center contract in October</dd>

<dd>Network Working Group (NWG), headed by Steve Crocker, loosely organized to develop host level protocols for communication over the ARPANET. (:vgc:)</dd>

<dd>Tymnet built as part of Tymshare service (:vgc:)</dd>

<dt>**1969**</dt>

<dd>Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) in January</dd>

<dd>US Senator Edward Kennedy sends a congratulatory telegram to BBN for its million-dollar ARPA contract to build the "Interfaith" Message Processor, and thanking them for their ecumenical efforts</dd>

<dd>

<dl>

<dt>ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into networking</dt>

<dd>Nodes are stood up as BBN builds each IMP [Honeywell DDP-516 mini computer with 12K of memory]; AT&T provides lines bundled to 50kbps</dd>

<dd>Node 1: UCLA (30 August, hooked up 2 September)

* _Function:_ Network Measurement Center
* _System,OS:_ SDS SIGMA 7, SEX
* [Diagram of the first host to IMP connection](http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/1969_2-node_map.gif)

</dd>

<dd>Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) (1 October)

* Network Information Center (NIC)
* SDS940/Genie
* Doug Engelbart's project on "Augmentation of Human Intellect"

</dd>

<dd>Node 3: University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) (1 November)

* Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics
* IBM 360/75, OS/MVT

</dd>

<dd>Node 4: University of Utah (December)

* Graphics
* DEC PDP-10, Tenex

</dd>

<dd>[Diagram of the 4-node ARPAnet](http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/1969_4-node_map.gif)</dd>

</dl>

</dd>

<dd>First Request for Comment (RFC): "[Host Software](http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1.html)" by Steve Crocker (7 April)</dd>

<dd>RFC 4: [Network Timetable](http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc4.html)</dd>

<dd>First packets sent by Charley Kline at UCLA as he tried logging into SRI. The first attempt resulted in the system crashing as the letter G of LOGIN was entered. (October 29) [ [Log entry](http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/imp_log.jpg) ]</dd>

<dd>Univ of Michigan, Michigan State and Wayne State Univ establish X.25-based Merit network for students, faculty, alumni (:sw1:)</dd>

</dl>
1961
: Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "[Information Flow in Large Communication Nets](http://www.lk.cs.ucla.edu/bibliography-public_reports.html)" (May 31)

* First paper on packet-switching (PS) theory
1962
: J.C.R. Licklider & W. Clark, MIT: "[On-Line Man Computer Communication](http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1460847)" (August)

* _Galactic Network_ concept encompassing distributed social interactions

1964
: Paul Baran, RAND: "[On Distributed Communications Networks](http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM3420.html)

* Packet-switching networks; no single outage point

1965
: ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers"

* TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and AN/FSQ-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) via a dedicated 1200bps phone line;
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer at ARPA later added to form "The Experimental Network"

1966
: Lawrence G. Roberts, MIT: "Towards a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers" (October)

* First ARPANET plan

1967
: ARPANET design discussions held by Larry Roberts at ARPA IPTO PI meeting in Ann Arbor, Michigan (April)
: [ACM](http://www.acm.org/) Symposium on Operating Systems Principles in Gatlinburg, Tennessee (October)

* First design paper on ARPANET published by Larry Roberts: "Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication
* First meeting of the three independent packet network teams (RAND, NPL, ARPA)
: National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in Middlesex, England develops NPL Data Network under Donald Watts Davies who coins the term packet. The NPL network, an experiment in packet-switching, used 768kbps lines

1968
: PS-network presented to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
: [Request for quotation](http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/chris/DIGITAL_ARCHIVE/ARPANET/RFQ-ARPA-IMP.pdf) for ARPANET (29 Jul) sent out in August; responses received in September
: University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) awarded Network Measurement Center contract in October
: Network Working Group (NWG), headed by Steve Crocker, loosely organized to develop host level protocols for communication over the ARPANET. (:vgc:)
: Tymnet built as part of Tymshare service (:vgc:)
1969
: Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) in January
: US Senator Edward Kennedy sends a congratulatory telegram to BBN for its million-dollar ARPA contract to build the "Interfaith" Message Processor, and thanking them for their ecumenical efforts
: ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into networking
: Nodes are stood up as BBN builds each IMP [Honeywell DDP-516 mini computer with 12K of memory]; AT&T provides lines bundled to 50kbps
: Node 1: UCLA (30 August, hooked up 2 September)

* _Function:_ Network Measurement Center
* _System,OS:_ SDS SIGMA 7, SEX
* [Diagram of the first host to IMP connection](http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/1969_2-node_map.gif)
: Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) (1 October)

* Network Information Center (NIC)
* SDS940/Genie
* Doug Engelbart's project on "Augmentation of Human Intellect"
: Node 3: University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) (1 November)

* Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics
* IBM 360/75, OS/MVT
: Node 4: University of Utah (December)
* Graphics
* DEC PDP-10, Tenex
: [Diagram of the 4-node ARPAnet](http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/1969_4-node_map.gif)
: First Request for Comment (RFC): "[Host Software](http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1.html)" by Steve Crocker (7 April)
: RFC 4: [Network Timetable](http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc4.html)
: First packets sent by Charley Kline at UCLA as he tried logging into SRI.
The first attempt resulted in the system crashing as the letter G of LOGIN was entered.
(October 29) [ [Log entry](http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/imp_log.jpg) ]
: Univ of Michigan, Michigan State and Wayne State Univ establish X.25-based Merit network for students, faculty, alumni (:sw1:)
{: .dl-traducao}

* * *



### 1970s


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